Term
| American Indian Movement (AIM), 1968 |
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Definition
Group of Native American political activists who used confrontations to publicize their case for Indian rights.
Significance: Was at the forefront of the "red power" movement that expressed a growing sense of supratribal Indian Identity. |
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Term
| Asian American Political Alliance (AAPA), 1968 |
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Definition
One of the first pan-Asian political org.s bringing together Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino American activists.
Significance: Represented the Asian American movement that took a strong stand against war in Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
Political and social movement among black Americans that emphasized black economic and political power.
Significance: Represented the "black power" movement that emerged from the civil rights movements that gave pride in black heritage. |
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Term
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Definition
Philosophy emerging after 1965 that real economic and political gains for African Americans could come only through self-help, self-determination, and organizing for direct political influence.
Significance: Represented cultural pride and seperatism. |
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Term
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Definition
A labor activist that headed the United Farm Workers (UFW). He advocated nonviolent methods for achieving justice and equality.
Significance: Was a major player during the 1960s Chicano movement. |
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Term
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Definition
Rejection of middle class norms including experimentation with psychedelic drugs, communal living, Asian religions, and experimental art.
Significance: Represented the rebellion of many American's during the 1960s movements. |
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Term
| Gay Libertation Front (GLF), 1960s |
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Definition
A revolutionary homosexual group of men and women formed with anger at homophobic prejudice and violence.
Significance: Represented the gay community during the gay liberation movement and took a stand against war in Vietnam. "Coming out of the closet." |
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Term
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Definition
Killing of at least 22 Vietnamese civilians by US forces during a search-and-destroy mission.
Significance: Represented a crime of war |
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Term
| National Organization of Women (NOW), 1966 |
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Definition
A group of women who fought discrimination against women in the public sphere and promoted legislative reforms.
Significance: Represented the women's libertation movement who saw women as an oppressed class. |
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Term
| Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), 1964 |
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Definition
Federal agency that coordinated many programs of the War on Poverty designed to increase opportunities in employment and education.
Significance: Resulted from President Johnson's plan to build a "Great Society." |
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Term
| Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT), 1972 |
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Definition
Treaty signed by the US and the Soviet Union to slow the nuclear arms race.
Significance: Represented the first success at strategic arms control since the opening of the Cold War. |
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Term
| Student for a Democratic Society (SDS), 1960s |
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Definition
The leading student org. of the New Left.
Significance: Reprsented young people who promoted a "culture of life" against the "culture of death" symbolized by the war. |
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Term
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Definition
Launched by the North Vietnamese and their Vietcong allies against US forces stationed in South Vietnam leaving many killed and injured. However, ultimately haulted by US troops.
Significance: For the first time after the incident, polls at home showed strong opposition to the war. |
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Term
| Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 1964 |
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Definition
Request to congress from President Johnson in response to North Vietnamese torpedo boat attacks in which he sought authorization for "all necessary measures" to protect American forces and stop further aggression.
Significance: Was felt as the functional equivalent of a declaration of war. |
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Term
| Trail of Broken Treaties, 1972 |
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Definition
Event staged by the AIM that culminated in a week long occupation of the BIA in Washington D.C.
Significance: Represented the start of the most dramatic series of events for the Red Power movement. |
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Term
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Definition
Set of programs introduced by Lyndon Johnson designed to break the cycle of poverty by providing funds for job training, community development, nutrition, and education.
Significance: Represented a new awareness of concern with poverty during President Johnson's administration and his "Great Society." |
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Term
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Definition
A complex scandel involving attempts to cover up illegal actions taken by administration officials.
Significance: Led to the resignation of President Nixon. |
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Term
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Definition
AIM activists started a 10 week seige because they wanted restoration of treaty rights. Dozens of FBI agents then invaded under shoot-and-kill orders leaving many causualties on both sides.
Significance: Represented actions taken in response to the Red Power movement. |
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Term
| Affirmative Action, 1970s |
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Definition
A set of policies to open opportunities in business and education for members of minority groups and women by allowing race and sex to be factors included in decisions to hire, award contracts, or admit students to higher education programs.
Significance: Was an effort to reform municipal government. |
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Term
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Definition
Agreement signed by Israel and Egypt that set formal terms for peace in the Middle East.
Significance: Was considered the greatest achievement in foreign policy and a monumental peace treaty. |
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Term
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Definition
Nicaraguan exiles armed and organized by the CIA to fight the Sandinista government of Nicaragua.
Significance: Represented the foreign authority President Reagan established during his administration. |
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Term
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Definition
Reduction or removal of government regulations and encouragement of direct competition in many important industries and economic sectors.
Significance: Was a major player in the economic downfall during President Carter's administration leaving many people believing that "their president didn't care about what happens to them." |
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Term
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Definition
Used to describe the new US relations with China and the Soviet Union. French for "easing of tension."
Significance: Represente the prospect of peace that was taken away during the end of President Carter's term. |
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Term
| Economic Recovery Tax Act, 1981 |
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Definition
A major revision of the federal income tax system that want tax cuts to help budget cuts and deregulation of business.
Siginificance: Was a key piece of legislation based on "Reaganomics." |
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Term
| Equal Rights Amendment, 1972 |
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Definition
| A proposed amendment to the US constitution stating that civil rights may not be denied on the basis of one sex but was never passed. Stop ERA campaign. |
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Term
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Definition
Russian for "openess," applied to Gorbachev's encouragement of new ideas and easing of political repression in the Soviet Union.
Significance: Led to a reduction in East/West tensions and ultimately the end of the Cold War itself. |
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Term
| Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979 |
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Definition
Iranian fundamentalists seized a US embassy in Tehran. 52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days.
Significance: The crisis created a doom over President Carter administration since he abused his own foreign policy. And represented the resentment against modern American values. |
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Term
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Definition
Large conservative religious and political promotion that focused on Christian traditional values.
Significance: Represented the ideal of a new conservatism during this time. |
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Term
| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 1973 |
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Definition
Cartel of oil-producing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America that gained substantial power over the world economy by controlling the production and price of oil.
Significance: Played a major role in the economic downturn during this time. |
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Term
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Definition
Russian for "restructuring," applied to Gorbachev's efforts to make the Soviet economic and political systems more modern, flexible, and innovative.
Significance: Led to a reduction in East/West tensions and ultimately the end of the Cold War itself. |
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Term
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Definition
Supply-side ecomonic theory dominated the administration's thinking and helped redirect American economic policy.
Significance: Was the key reason for US economic recovery during this time. |
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Term
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Definition
US Supreme Court decision that disallowed state laws prohibiting abortion during the 1st trimester of pregnancy and establishing guidelines for abortion in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters.
Significance: Caused much controversy for the women's liberation movement since they felt it violated a women's right. |
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Term
| Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983 |
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Definition
President Reagan's program to defend the US against nuclear missile attack with untested weapons systems and sophisticated technologies.
Significance: Was a new element into President Reagan's superpower relations. |
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Term
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Definition
A nation in Southeast Europe that split off from Yugoslavia and became the site of bitter civil and religious war, requiring NATO and US intervention.
Significance: Resulted with the collapse of communism seen in Yugoslavia. |
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Term
| Defense of Marriage Act, 1996 |
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Definition
Act which specified that gay couples would be ineligible for spousal benefits provided by federal law.
Significance: Represente a growing fear and backlash steamed against gays during this time. |
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Term
| General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 1994 |
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Definition
Slashed tariffs on thousands of goods throughout the world and phased out import quotas imposed by the US and other industrialized nations.
Significance: Was apart of President Clinton's attempts to improve trade, productivity, and living standards aka "Globalization." |
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Term
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Definition
Law that mandated automatic spending cuts if the government failed to meet mixed deficit reduction goals.
Significance: Led to a balanced US budget by 1991. |
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Term
| Operation Desert Storm, 1991 |
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Definition
US military campaign to force Iraqi forces out of Kuwait.
Significance: Rekindled national pride for many in the US. |
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Term
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Definition
War initiated by President Bush in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
Significance: Represented the limits of military power to solve complex disputes. |
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Term
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Definition
California legislation adopted by popular vote which cuts off state funded health and education benefits to undocumented or illegal immigrants.
Significance: Represented an unconstitutional federal authority over immigration policy. |
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Term
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Definition
Province of Yugoslvia where the US and NATO intervened militarily to protect ethnic Albanians from expulsion.
Significance: Represented the worst foreign crisis of Clinton's presidency. |
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Term
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Definition
Sparked by an aquittal of officers in the Rodney King case. 51 people were killed and 850 million dollars in damages.
Significance: Exposed ethnic and economic divisions in the city. |
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Term
| North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 1993 |
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Definition
Agreement reached by Canada, Mexico, and the US to substantially reduce barriers to trade.
Significance: Was apart of President Clinton's attempts to improve trade, productivity, and living standards aka "Globalization." |
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Term
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Definition
Arkansas real estate development in which the Clinton's were investors. Several fraud convictions resulted from investigations but there was no evidence found that the Clinton's were involved in wrongdoing.
Significance: Questioned President Clinton's moral conduct. |
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Term
| World Trade Organization (WTO), 1990s |
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Definition
International org. that sets standards and practices for global trade, and the focus of international protests over world economic policy.
Significance: Was apart of President Clinton's attempts to improve trade, productivity, and living standards. |
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