Black codes

1865-66

Quasi-slavery (apparently, but not really)

had to carry passes

observe curfew

live in housing provided by home owner

Vagrnancy laws (no wandering aimlessly)

Presidentail Reconstruction

1865-1867

Easy terms for readmission

Blanket pardons for confederate leaders

allows states to convene new constitutional conventions

does not require black enfranchisement

14th amendendment (1866)

forbids state to deny any person "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws.

Extension of Freedman's bureau

Reconstruction act of 1867

divides south ino 5 military districts, each under command of a Union general

Requires black suffrage, disenfranchisement of Confederate

Impeach Andrew Johnson

The Tenure of Office Act (1867)

Johnson tries to remove Defense Secretary

Impeached; one vote short of removal 

Established in 1865

 primary agent of economic reconstruction

Lead by abolitionists 

hopsitals and medical aid

food rations for poor blacks and white

Education- 1,000 schools built, teacher-training colleges established

13th amendment

Reconstruction amendments

14th amendment

Reconstruction Amendments

forbids state to deny any person "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law"

provides equal rights

15th amendment

 Reconstruction Amendments

Civil Rights Act

Year:____

1886

declaring that everyone (except certain Native Americans) born in the U.S. and not subject to any foreign power is a citizen, without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude.

Took over for after Lincoln's assassination

favored south causing conflict with republicans and caused eventual impeachment

Dawes Severalty Act

Year:___

1887

Turned Indians into independent family farmers

-private property and the family

citizenship and education

A failure

-corrupt implementation

-indian lands reduced from 138M to 48M acres

-Native resitance? White ignorance?

Blends Christianity and Indian religion

founded by Wovoka in 1889

If Indians unite, white man will be destroyed in coming apocalypse

promoted direct current use for electricity

oppossed Tesla

Tesla was right

Andrew Carnegie

Anti-imperalist or imperialist

tried to save ____ freedom

created____

Anti-imperalist

attempted to let Philippines keep freedom by giving them 20 million dollars

Steel

rags to riches

created vertical integration

cost accounting and efficiency

cut price of steel in half.

Mass produced cigarettes and enticed consumers with free samples, trading cards, and billboard ads. 

By 1900, American Tobacco Company was a global business, employing black and white men (and some women)

democratized the automobile

mass produced thousands of identical cars with assembly lines that reduced time and cost. 

lowered price of car dramatically

Frederick W. Taylor

produced more for lower cost per unit, by eliminating unnecessary workers. 

Scientific management

time to make became equivalent to quality of product

Gave workers ability to leave job if they did not approve of wages and conditions

if left job someone would replace you right away, hard to find another job

Holden vs Hardy

1896

Lochner vs New York

1905

stated that bakers hours and days did not have to be limited because there was no danger involved

violated 14th amendment

Muller v. Oregon

1908

stated that women could not work in laundromat for 10 plus hours cause it would effect their potential as child bearers

opposite of lochner v. new york

American Federation of Labor

AFL

was an alliance of trade and craft unions had arguments about the working conditions. They made strikes which led to higher wages with shorter workweeks. With Samuel Gompers as President.

skilled workers only, open

accepted capitalism

Samuel Gompers

AFL

focused on practical goals like improved wages, hours, and working conditions

led knights of labor

welcomed unskilled workers

very unorganized though

didnt like imigrants

conflict between labor unions and railroads over reduced wages. 

3,000 workers went on strike

Eugene Debs fought for workers by refusing to run cars attached to trains

The Pullman Strike was important because it was the first time a federal injunction had ever been used to break up a strike. George Pullman was no longer regarded as an enlightened employer who took care of his workers, but as a greedy and intolerant man. He was offended by his workers' ingratitude.

Gosspel of wealth

written by ____

written by Andrew Carnegie

described that the new wealthy were responsible for philanthropic acts

Edward Bellamy

wrote_____

proposed goverment own the means of production. 

wrote Looking Backward

in this sparked new Nationalist club

started reforms

hoped principle of fraternal cooperation would replace monopolies

believed inequality stemmed from the ability of a few to profit from rising land values, which made landowners rich from high rents. 

proposed replacing all taxes with "single tax" on the unearned increment

Social worker, pioneer of the settlement house movement and founder of Chicago's Hull House.

Progressive Era

Leader of the moral purity crusade against what he saw as vice and corruption

known for his efforts to censor sexually explicit materal, including, as a postal inspector, skeeking to ban birth control literature from the mail

anxious over poverty and disorder that accompanied city growth, civic reformers organized to install more responsible leaders who would run government efficiently, like a business. 

City-manager and commission forms of government, which placed administration in hands of experts

1887

designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices.

The Act created a federal regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), which it charged with monitoring railroads to ensure that they complied with the new regulations.

The Act was the first federal law to regulate private industry in the United States

expanded civil service

vetoed private pension bills

urged congress to cut tariff duties

anti-imperialism

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896

seperate but equal

plessy not allowed to sit in white car caused considered black

15th amendment changed that

Segregation laws

reminded african-americans of inferiority

is a fraternal organization for American farmers that encourages farm families to band together for their common economic and political well-being.

The Granger movement worked to improve economic conditions for farmers, lobbying for the creation of railroad and warehouse commissions in several midwestern states. Although Supreme Court decisions later undercut the commissions’ power, the movement helped pave the way for the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887.

wanted to end adverse effects of crop-lien system

no profit was made by borrowing money from banks

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

Law that instructed the treasury to buy, at current market prices, 4.5 million ounces of silver monthly

introduced more to economy allowing dollar value decreased and allwoed farmers to pay debt

everyone wanted an 8-hr workday

riot bewtween workers and police

shift towards AFL

headed American railway union

against pullman company

advocate of socialism

socialist party run by Debs

In 1894, as a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by the populist Jacob Coxey

wanted governemnt to make more jobs involve building roads and other public works improvements. 

William McKinley

Orator, anti-imperailist, champion of farm intersts, and three-time democratic presidential candidate

represented populist party

defeated by mckinley

Charles Guiteau

assassinated James Garfield

I am a stalwart of the stalwarts! i did it and I want to be arrested! Arthur is president now!"

belief that human charcyer and habits could be inherited, including unwanted traits, such as criminality and mental illness.

associated with nazis and racists

black activist of the late 19th century who advocated education and accomadation with white society as the best strategy for racial advancement. 

enhance their diginity through self-improvement

Black educator and activist who demanded full racial equality, including the same educational oppurtunities open to whites, and called on blacks to resist all forms of racism.

WANTED EQUALITY, DID NOT BELIEVE BLACKS NEEDED TO EARN IT

led birth-control movement

helped spread info on sex and contraceptions

American Birth Control League

took over for slained McKinley

wanted progressive reform

Soo many trusts

Roosevelt's hand picked successor for president

defeated Bryan

cut tariffs 

made more trusts than roosevelt

Democratic president whose election in 1912 usehered in a second wave of progressive reforms on the national level; served as president until 1921

New Freedom

Federal trade commission

racist

Federal reserve act

would not restore laissez faire

Federal Reserve Act

1913

Alfred T. Mahan

Wrote _____

Wrote The Influence of sea power upon history (1890)

advocate of stronger navy and imperialism

argued for extension of the American frontier

obtained alaska and parts of hawaii

antt-imperalists hurt his expeditions

United states helped cuba gain independence from Spain

Mckinley responsible 

ended with treaty of PAris- cuba free; US gains Phillipines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

Anti-imperialism

on

spanish-american war

Mark Twain

Wiliam jennings bryan

carnegie 

jane addams (hull house)

arguments included new job competiion, double standards, violating constitution, showing war

President Taft 

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the use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence. Gave loans

Woodrow Wilson

Program for world peace

14th point= get League of Nations

Gov't agency established to coordinate military purchasing, ensure production efficiency, and provide weapons and supplies to the military

coordinated purchase of war supplies during WWI

TGo influence U.S. public opinion regarding American participation in World War I. Over just 28 months, from April 13, 1917, to August 21, 1919, it used every medium available to create enthusiasm for the war effort and enlist public support against foreign attempts to undercut America's war aims.

ADVOCATED US IN THE WAR

Thousands were arrested and held without trial based on suspicion that they were communist or socialist with little or no evidence

Wilson's plan for an international deliberative body, viewed as necessary to keep the peace.

US never joined

symbol of good will toward business. 

BAD=extramarital affairs and poor judgment

Scandal followed him

took over after Hardings death

reduced federal debt, lowered income tax rates, built national highway

Black leader who promoted racial pride and independence and believed blacks should seperate from white society. 

founded UNIA

Trial that took place after HS teacher John Scopes challenged a Tenn. law that banned teaching the theory of evolution in public schools.

clashed with fundamentalism, showed it be illogical

HOOVER

he sought to make the Commerce Department a powerful service organization, empowered to forge cooperative voluntary partnerships between government and business.

HOOVER

he agency gave $2 billion in aid to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations, and other businesses. The loans were nearly all repaid. It was continued by the New Deal and played a major role in handling the Great Depression in the United States and setting up the relief programs that were taken over by the New Deal in 1933.^[

National Industrial Recovery Act

NIRA

FDR

Agricultural Adjustment Act

AAA

FDR

Civilian Conservation Corps

CCC

FDR

proposed Americans over sixty receive a pension of $200 a month

influenced social security system

massive public works program that hired people to construct highways, roads, buildings;

it also provided jobs for artists, actors, and writers in cultural programs

first woman appointed to cabinet

supported FDR and new deal

First New Deal

Programs

included the Wagner Act to promote labor unions, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) relief program, the Social Security Act, and new programs to aid tenant farmers and migrant workers. 

guaranteed workers the rights to organize and bargain collectively and outlawed unfair labor practices

no unlawful firings

Ambitious plan of economic development that centered on creating an extensive hydroelectric power project in the poor Appalachian area

became disaster

Court-Packing Plan

Reduced goverenment spending

Credit tightened

resulting in unemployment increasing 

Scottsboro Boys

accussed of rape by white women

found guilty by all white jury

medical evidence shows there was no rape

southern racism 

New deal was not strong on civil rights

pledged to never use war again to settle disputes. It was 

accepted by 60 plus countries but failed because it provided no effective enforcement mechanism.

FDR

Latin American policy stated that no nation had the right to intervene in the affairs of others

US tricked by companies who would make money off of war items. Americans felt betrayed because of loss of many young boys

Laws passed in mid-thirties to keep the United States out of any European Wars

FDR wanted no part of European conflict

Manchurian Crisis

first failure of the league of nations

japan took control of manchuria

attacked on Dec 7, 1941

declared war on Japan on DEC 8