Term
| Evolution can be defined as any change in the relative frequency of alleles in the gene pool of________________________. |
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Definition
| Evolution can be defined as any change in the relative frequency of alleles in the gene pool of a population. |
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Term
| Differences between the members of a population will most likely be passed onto future generations if they are _____________________________. |
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Definition
| Differences between the members of a population will most likely be passed onto future generations if they are due to genetic changes and result in favorable variations. |
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Term
| Mutations that are lethal in homozygous individuals can survive in a population by being carried by _____________________. |
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Definition
| Mutations that are lethal in homozygous individuals can survive in a population by being carried by heterozygous individuals (heterozygotes). |
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Term
| ______________ change over evolutionary time. |
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Definition
| Populations change over evolutionary time. |
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Term
| The idea that evolution takes place at one point in time, followed by a long period without change is __________________________. |
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Definition
| The idea that evolution takes place at one point in time, followed by a long period without change is punctuated equilibrium. |
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Term
| A change in a sequence of DNA is called a ______________________. |
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Definition
| A change in a sequence of DNA is called a mutation |
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Term
| The difference in the fur color of the individual species in a population is described as ______________. |
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Definition
| The difference in the fur color of the individual species in a population is described as variation. |
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Term
| Two animals of different species would not be able to _____________________________. |
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Definition
| Two animals of different species would not be able to produce fertile offspring. |
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Term
| All the genes of all members of a particular population make up the population’s ___________________. |
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Definition
| All the genes of all members of a particular population make up the population’s gene pool. |
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Term
| A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to _______________________. |
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Definition
| A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to the geographic isolation of the two groups. |
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Term
Fossil trees are petrified when the wood is replaced with______________. |
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Definition
| Fossil trees are petrified when the wood is replaced with minerals. |
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Term
| The long, slow process of change in species over time is __________________. |
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Definition
| The long, slow process of change in species over time is evolution. |
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Term
| The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of ________________________. |
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Definition
| The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of a common ancestor. |
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Term
| Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates ______________. |
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Definition
| Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates share a common ancestor with sea stars. |
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Term
An example of a structure that would be homologous to a bird wing would be a ____________________. |
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Definition
| An example of a structure that would be homologous to a bird wing would be a human arm. |
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Term
| ______________genetic diversity provides a species with a higher probability of surviving changes to its environment. |
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Definition
| Greater genetic diversity provides a species with a higher probability of surviving changes to its environment. |
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Term
| Natural selection acts directly on ________________. |
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Definition
| Natural selection acts directly on phenotypes. |
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Term
| A random change in gene frequency in a small population is called ___________________. |
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Definition
| A random change in gene frequency in a small population is called genetic drift. |
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Term
| In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching. In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that __________________. |
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Definition
| In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching. In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that are heterozygous for the disease. |
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Term
| The idea that evolution takes place at a continuous but very slow rate is knows as __________ |
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Definition
| The idea that evolution takes place at a continuous but very slow rate is knows as gradualism. |
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Term
| Although similar in many respects, two species of organisms exhibit differences that make each well adapted to the environment in which it lives. The process of change that may account for these differences is ______________. |
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Definition
| Although similar in many respects, two species of organisms exhibit differences that make each well adapted to the environment in which it lives. The process of change that may account for these differences is evolution. |
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Term
| A genetic change will be maintained in a population if the change ___________________________. |
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Definition
| A genetic change will be maintained in a population if the change increases fitness. |
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Term
| According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the ________________________________. |
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Definition
| According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness. |
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Term
When mountain lions prey on a herd of deer, some deer are killed and some escape and reproduce. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? |
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Definition
| When mountain lions prey on a herd of deer, some deer are killed and some escape and reproduce. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? Survival of the fittest |
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Term
Genetic drift is most likely to effect ________________. |
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Definition
| Genetic drift is most likely to effect small populations |
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Term
| Geographic and reproductive isolation can result in ____________________. |
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Definition
| Geographic and reproductive isolation can result in speciation. |
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Term
In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of _______________. |
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Definition
| In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of chance. |
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Term
| The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called __________________. |
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Definition
| The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called geographic isolation. |
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Term
\What kind of animal would be best adapted to survive extreme change in temperature? |
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Definition
| What kind of animal would be best adapted to survive extreme change in temperature?One with different colors of fur and different lengths of fur. |
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Term
In the early stages of development, the embryos of dogs, pigs, and humans resemble each other. This observation suggests that these animals may have _______________________. |
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Definition
| In the early stages of development, the embryos of dogs, pigs, and humans resemble each other. This observation suggests that these animals may have a common ancestry |
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Term
| In a species of plant, the sudden appearance of one plant with a different leaf structure would most likely be the result of _____________________________. |
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Definition
| In a species of plant, the sudden appearance of one plant with a different leaf structure would most likely be the result of chromosomal mutations. |
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Term
What would cause a mutation?
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Definition
| What would cause a mutation? The insertion, deletion or substitution of a nucleotide into DNA |
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Term
Describe natural selection. |
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Definition
Describe natural selection. An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully. |
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Term
If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, what factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase? |
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Definition
If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, what factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase? Whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards |
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Term
| Spraying DDT to kill mosquitoes became less effective each year the pesticide was used. This decrease in the effectiveness was probably caused by the fact that ________________________________. |
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Definition
| Spraying DDT to kill mosquitoes became less effective each year the pesticide was used. This decrease in the effectiveness was probably caused by the fact that DDT resistant mosquitoes passed on this trait to their offspring. |
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Term
| A species of finch (a type of bird) has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is known. This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed. Some family groups have survived and others have died out. The groups that survive probably have __________________________. |
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Definition
| A species of finch (a type of bird) has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos Islands for many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is known. This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed. Some family groups have survived and others have died out. The groups that survive probably have inherited some advantageous variations. |
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Term
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Definition
Describe a gene pool. Gene pools contain the possible alleles for each inheritable trait in a population. |
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Term
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no change for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?
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Definition
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no change for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population? It will reduce genetic diversity. |
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Term
| The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it ________________________. |
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Definition
| The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it prevents interbreeding between the populations. |
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Term
| In a certain area of undisturbed layers of rock, fossils of horseshoe crabs may be found in the upper layer, and a lower layer contains fossils of trilobites. Trilobites are extinct aquatic arthropods resembling modern horseshoe crabs. This information suggests that ________________________. |
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Definition
| In a certain area of undisturbed layers of rock, fossils of horseshoe crabs may be found in the upper layer, and a lower layer contains fossils of trilobites. Trilobites are extinct aquatic arthropods resembling modern horseshoe crabs. This information suggests that horseshoe crabs may have evolved from trilobites. |
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Term
[image] In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in the figure above are ________________. |
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Definition
[image] In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in the figure above are vestigial structures. |
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Term
[image] Individuals within a population of rabbits have different colors of fur as shown in the diagram below. The difference in the fur color of the individual rabbits is described as ______________. |
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Definition
[image] Individuals within a population of rabbits have different colors of fur as shown in the diagram below. The difference in the fur color of the individual rabbits is described as variation. |
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Term
A population of land snails colonized a field of yellow grass. At first, the population contained two types of snails, one with brown bands on their shells and another with yellow bands on their shells, as shown in the figure below. After 10 years, most of the snails had shells with yellow bands. [image] What process most likely led to an increase in the number of snails with yellow bands? |
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Definition
A population of land snails colonized a field of yellow grass. At first, the population contained two types of snails, one with brown bands on their shells and another with yellow bands on their shells, as shown in the figure below. After 10 years, most of the snails had shells with yellow bands. [image] What process most likely led to an increase in the number of snails with yellow bands? Natural selection. |
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Term
A population of land snails colonized a field of yellow grass. At first, the population contained two types of snails, one with brown bands on their shells and another with yellow bands on their shells, as shown in the figure below. After 10 years, most of the snails had shells with yellow bands. [image] What is the most likely reason that there are more yellow-banded snails present in the grassland? |
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Definition
A population of land snails colonized a field of yellow grass. At first, the population contained two types of snails, one with brown bands on their shells and another with yellow bands on their shells, as shown in the figure below. After 10 years, most of the snails had shells with yellow bands. [image] What is the most likely reason that there are more yellow-banded snails present in the grassland? The yellow-banded snails were less visible to predators |
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Term
A field of crops was sprayed with pesticides to control a population of insects eating the crop. Only 1% of the insects survived. The same amount and type of pesticide was sprayed on the field each year for the next 4 years. The graph below shows the percentage of insects that survived each year after the pesticide was used. [image] Why was the pesticide less effective each year in its ability to control the target population of insects? |
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Definition
A field of crops was sprayed with pesticides to control a population of insects eating the crop. Only 1% of the insects survived. The same amount and type of pesticide was sprayed on the field each year for the next 4 years. The graph below shows the percentage of insects that survived each year after the pesticide was used. [image] Why was the pesticide less effective each year in its ability to control the target population of insects? The insects with greater resistance to the pesticide survived and passed down this trait to their offspring. |
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Term
When penicillin was first introduced it was very effective in destroying most of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Explain the presence of these penicillin resistant bacteria. |
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Definition
When penicillin was first introduced it was very effective in destroying most of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Explain the presence of these penicillin resistant bacteria. Penicillin killed bacteria with no resistance, while naturally resistant varieties survived and reproduced. |
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