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| 1 part bleach to 9 parts water |
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| The solid portion of the earth's crust consisting of mineral, air, water, and organic matter in which plants grow. (Air 25%, Water 25%, Soil 50% - 45% inorganic, 5% organic) |
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EC
(Electrical Conductivity) |
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| The EC is a measure of soluble salts. A high EC in plants reduces plant growth by making it harder for plants to absorb water. |
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| Heat media to a minimum of 212 degrees F for sufficient time to kill all living organisms. |
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| Steam is passed through soil at temp of 180 degrees F for 30 minutes. |
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| The joint of a stem where leaves and buds are attached. |
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| The region of stem between two successive nodes. |
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| Area where petiole was attached to the stem. |
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| A rudimentary structure consisting of meristematic tissue with potential to develop into vegetative, reproductive, or a mixture of structures. |
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| Terminal bud (apical bud) |
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| Axillary bud (lateral bud) |
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| on stem below terminal bud |
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| underground vegetative organ of a plant |
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| Aerial support, Prop roots, Aerial Roots |
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| roots that develop from a seed -- true roots of a plant |
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| young root from a germinated seed |
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| Roots that originate from other parts of the plant. |
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| Large central axis that is larger that the lateral roots that develop from it. Seen in dicots and gymnosperms. |
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| lack of single dominant root; radicle of embryo dies and several fibrous roots develop. Seen in monocots. |
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| The science dealing with describing, naming, and classifying plants. |
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| No flowers (reproductive parts -- strobili) |
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| Sepals are collectively called... |
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| Petals are collectively called... |
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| Male portion... (anther and filament) is called... |
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| Female portion...(stigma, style, ovary)...is called... |
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| Female reproductive organs--one or more carpels may fuse to form pistil |
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| one plant is exclusively either male or female. |
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| both male and female flowers occur on one plant but in different areas. |
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| from a cluster of several to many individual flowers in a single inflorescence that stay together--each flower retains its own receptacle, but fruits develop into a single larger fruit (i.e. Pineapple) |
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| Single flower with several to many pistils, individual pistils develop into cluster of tiny fruitlet or drupes. (i.e. Strawberry) |
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| from a single carpel or sometimes the fusing of several carpels (i.e. Peach) |
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| (i.e. Cherry, olive, coconut, peach, plum) |
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| (i.e. tomato, grape, pepper) |
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| (i.e. Orange, lemon, lime) |
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| (i.e. Watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin) |
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| (i.e. Pear, apple, quince) |
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| (i.e. Colombine, milkweed, magnolia) |
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| (i.e. Chesnuts, hazelnuts) |
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| (i.e. Mulberry, raspberry, blackberry) |
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| (i.e. Pineapple, hedge apple) |
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| The removal of plant parts with a specific purpose in mind. |
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| effect produced as the shoot elongates in the absence of light. |
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| Natural layering in which the stem tip of some species form roots when inserted into the soil. |
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| A single one year old shoots are bent to the ground and sometimes girdled to stimulate root initiation of the stem. |
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| Type of layering in which shoots on established plants are cut back to the base and mounded over with rooting media during intervals during growth to stimulate rooting. |
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| Held in ground with peg; soil, bark, sawdust, or other rooting material is filled in around the new shoots as they develop to bring about etiolation. |
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| Similar to simple layering but the branch to be layered is laid horizontally to the ground and numerous shoots for rooting develop from various nodes rather than just one. |
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| An aerial stem is girdled and enclosed with rooting media to produce rooted layers in the upper part of the plant. |
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| treatment that allows water to penetrate seeds with a hard seed coat. |
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| When seeds have a physical as well as a physiological dormancy. |
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| Stem Cuttings (Two Types) |
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Stem Tip: tip (terminal end) is cut and used to produce a seedling.
Stem-section: pieces of stem containing at least one bud (not a terminal) and used to produce a seedling. |
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| Consists of a short piece of a leaf, petiole, and short piece of a stem with an attached bud in the leaf axil. |
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| nearest the crown of the plant (always should be up). |
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| a group of natural plant growth hormones, which can be applied directly to the cuttings. |
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| A mass of undifferentiated cells that can be induced or arise naturally as a result of wounding. |
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| Chip of bark removed from smooth place between nodes near base of rootstock and replaced by another chip. |
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| the central axis of the shoot of a plant. |
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| spread by elongated above ground lateral/horizontal shoots called stolons. |
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| a thick, fleshy, short rhizome. (ginger, iris, banana) |
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| rhizomes are long and slender. All turfgrasses from rhizomes included in this group. |
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| period of moist or cold chilling conditions that satisfies the dormancy requirements. |
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| scion is detached, only the stock remains. (most common) |
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| 2 plants united at a predetermined and prepared site--both the stock and the scion remain a part of the parent plant. |
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| a bud that produces both leaves and flowers. |
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| (bottom of bulb from which roots develop) |
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The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem.
It is the source of both the secondary xylem (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem (outwards), and is between these tissues in the stem and root. Only a few leaves even have a vascular cambium.[1] |
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inhibits growth, promotes fruit and leaf abscission, counteracts the breaking of dormancy, and causes the stomata or leaves to close under moisture stress. |
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natural auxin; AKA: Indole-3-acetic acid. |
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synthetic auxin; plant hormone in auxin family used in man commercial horticulture plant rooting products. |
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promotes cell division, stem elongation, germinating, flowering, and fruit developing. Has strong ability to overcome dwarfism. |
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a rudimentary seed, containing before fertilized, the embryo sac, including an egg cell, and all being enclosed in the nucleus and one or two integuments. |
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Natural hormone from the cytokinin family. First discovered in immature corn kernals; helps induce plant growth. |
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underground stem that grows horizontally. |
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a region of the plant consisting of undifferentiated and rapidly growing and dividing cells. |
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a naturally occurring plant hormone involved in activities such as cell division, organ initiation, breaking dormancy, and other activities. |
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the fruit wall, which develops from the ovary wall. |
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| are tiny pores on the surfaces of leaves that permit the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the inside of the leaf. |
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| is the embryonic shoot above the cotyledons |
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| is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons (seed leaves) |
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| is the living tissue that carries organic nutrients (known as photosynthate), in particular, glucose, a sugar, to all parts of the plant. |
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| transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant. |
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| a group of flowering plants whose seed typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. |
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| are seeds that only have one cotyledon, such as the corn seed. |
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| LEAF STRIP (LEAF VEIN) CUTTINGS |
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| is the tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants around the time of fertilization |
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| A cotyledon is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaves of a seedling. |
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| (botany) A flower bud; the bud that contains embryonic flower |
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| Stimulates dormancy, shoot and root growth, may have a role in adventitious root formation, stimulates leaf and fruit abscission, induction of femaleness in dioecious flowers, stimulates flower opening, flower and leaf senescence, and fruit ripening |
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| is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. |
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| A leaf bud; the bud that contains embryonic leaf. |
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| causing injury to a plant by cutting, scraping, or other external force. |
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| part of a seed, consisting of precursor tissues for the leaves, stem (see hypocotyl), and root (see radicle), as well as one or more cotyledons. Once the embryo begins to germinate — grow out from the seed — it is called a seedling. |
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Totipotency: the notion that every cell in an organism has the same genes, thus the same genetic potential to make other cells or other cell types.
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Separation: a method of propagation in which underground structures of plant are divided not by cutting but by breaking along natural lines between segments.
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Division: a method of propagation in which underground stems are cut into pieces and replanted.
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Stratification (seed): a cold temperature application (1 to 7ºC [34 to 45ºF] to break dormancy)
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Adventitious roots: Any “root” that originates from other parts of the plant.
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Abscisic acid (ABA): inhibits growth, promotes fruit and leaf abscission, counteracts the breaking of dormancy, and causes the stomata or leaves to close under moisture stress. |
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IAA: natural auxin; AKA: Indole-3-acetic acid. |
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IBA: synthetic auxin; plant hormone in auxin family used in man commercial horticulture plant rooting products. |
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Growth retardant (ABA): synthetic growth retardant used to slow down the growth of plants to produce dwarf effect. Examples include: Alar and B-nine, CCC, cycocel, A-Rest, Bonzi, Maleic hydrazide. |
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GA3: (Gibberellins): promotes cell division, stem elongation, germinating, flowering, and fruit developing. Has strong ability to overcome dwarfism. |
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| Zeatin (natural hormone): |
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Zeatin (natural hormone): Natural hormone from the cytokinin family. First discovered in immature corn kernals; helps induce plant growth. |
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Testa/Pericarp: the fruit wall, which develops from the ovary wall. |
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