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Holt Sociology: Chapter 2 - Cultural Diversity
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19
Sociology
Not Applicable
08/29/2010

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Term
culture
Definition
shared products of human groups. These products include both physical objects & the beliefs, valutes, & behaviors shared by the group.
Term
material culture
Definition
physical objects created by human groups. Sociologists & anthropologists use the term artifacts to refer to the physical objects of material culture.
Term
nonmaterial culture
Definition
abstract human creations, such as language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work pratices, and political & economic systems.
Term
society
Definition
group of mutually inderdependent people wo have organized in such a way as to share a common culture & have a feeling of unity
Term
technology
Definition
knowledge & tools people use for practial purposes.
Term
language
Definition
organization of written & spoken symbols into a standardized system
Term
values
Definition
shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable.
Term
norms
Definition
shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in a specific situations.
Term
folkways
Definition
norms that do not have grat moral significance attached to them- the common customs of everyday life.
Term
mores
Definition
norms that have great moral significance attached to them
Term
laws
Definition
written rules of conduct that are enacted and enforced by the government. By defentition, the violation of these norms is considered a criminal act.
Term
culture trait
Definition
individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need.
Term
cultural complexes
Definition
clusters of interrelated culture traits.
Term
culture patterns.
Definition
combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole
Term
cultural universals.
Definition
common features that are found in all human cultures.
Term
ethnocentrism.
Definition
tendency to viw one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups.
Term
cultural relativism.
Definition
belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards.
Term
subculture.
Definition
group with its own unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists within a larger culture.
Term
counterculture
Definition
group that rejects the values, norms, and pratices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns.
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