Term
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Definition
right of the nation-state to do whatever is best for it; break treaties/start wars
Bismarck (Prussia) |
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Definition
emperor (Germany)
1st kaiser - William I |
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Definition
prime minister of Prussia
realpoitik
3 wars - ag. Denmark; 7 weeks War (Austria); Franco-Prussian war
1st German Chancellor
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Term
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Definition
chief minister of United Germany
1st chancellor - Otto von Bismarck |
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Definition
king of Prussia
became 1st kaiser of United Germany |
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Definition
German customs union
economic arrangement - no taxes between German states
1st step toward German unity |
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Definition
aristocratic landowners of Prrusia (German states)
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Term
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Definition
political ideas that promotes social change (reforms), freedom and individual rights
Wilbur Wilberforce
ex. emancipation of serfs in Russia |
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Term
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Definition
led the Red Shirts in Italy
the "sword" of Italian unity
fighters
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Definition
Italian nationalist group
started by Giuseppe Mazzini |
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Definition
Italian nationalist movement
the "resurgence" |
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Definition
| desire for national independence |
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Definition
King of Sardinia
became 1st king of United Italy
appointed Cavour |
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Definition
started Young Italy group
"heart" of Italian unification |
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Term
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Definition
prime minister of Sardinia
-architect/planner of Italian unification
-strengthened economy & army/ agreement with France
"brain" of Italian unification |
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Term
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Definition
| Dual monarch of Austria-Hungary |
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Term
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Definition
1 king for two countries (Austria and Hungary)
had on constitutions/ own laws -
different domestic policies but similar foreign policy
Francis Joseph |
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Term
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Definition
as empire - nationalism worked against them - all different ethnic groupd
Hungary wanted its own country - liberal reforms - compromised - agreed to a dual monarchy |
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Russia
Nicholas I's son
issued Emancipation Edict - freed serfs; established zemstvos
assassinated later |
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Definition
under Alexander II
local council to oversee local matters |
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Term
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Definition
intellectuals who felt must destroy the traditional social and economic institutions in order to build a new Russia
think "annihilate" |
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Term
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Definition
Alexander II's son
after he was assassinated - came to power
no reforms - really strict
executed or sent political rivals ot Siberia; secret police; Russification
pograms against Jews |
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Term
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Definition
| officially organized massacres of Jews in Russia |
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Term
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Definition
created a constitutional monarchy for Russia
(under Nicholas II) |
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Russian czar - harsh - censorship - secret police
expanded empire
Russification |
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Term
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Definition
| forcing all to use Russian language, adopt Russian customs and religion |
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struggle between Catholic church and Germany
- wanted to take education and marriage out of the hands of the clergy
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| border of Austria Hungary and Ottoman Empire |
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| fighting in Balkans between ? and ? |
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Definition
| Russia and Ottoman Empire |
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| great powers of Europe (Britain, France, Austria, Prussia) wanted to protect interests in Balkans and stop expansion of |
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Definition
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| Ottoman empire (Balkans) and nationalism |
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Definition
| lots of different nationalities - internal independence movement - that's why it was the "powder keg" |
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Definition
| western type reforms by Ottoman leaders as attempt to stop decline of empire |
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Definition
| after Ottoman reforms, suspended constitution, crack down on liberalism |
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| secret society devoted to overthrowing Abdulhamid and restoring constitution in Ottoman Empire |
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| leader of IRA (Irish Republican Army) - fight ag. British |
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