Term
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Definition
-highest risk. why?
-rectum is composed of columnal epithelial cells and they are very fragile and easily damaged (subject to abrasions)
-STDs leave sores/lesions on penis or rectum = portal of entry for HIV and cells |
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Term
| Anal Intercourse - HIV+ insertive partner |
|
Definition
-deposits semen (with HIV and infected cells) into rectum
-rectum is damaged
-HIV and cells can infect receptive partner
-HIV cells enter broken capillaries
-direct contact with host cells on mucous membrane |
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Term
| Anal Intercourse - HIV+ receptive partner |
|
Definition
-HIV and cells in receptive partner are in blood and mucous membrane
-HIV and cells can enter urethra
-broken capillaries of receptive partner allow HIV and cells in blood to enter urethra in insertive partner |
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Term
|
Definition
-lining of vaginal tract does not tear as easily or frequently as rectum, but it does occur sometimes
-so the mode of transmission is same as anal
-during menstruation, viruses pass through uterus lining into blood vessels
-STDs also leave sores/lesion on vagina = entry and exit for HIV and cells (blood) |
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Term
| Contributing Risk Factors (high risk) |
|
Definition
-STDs
-lack of circumcision: inflammation and sores under foreskin
-dry sex (parts of Africa): dry vagina with powder prior to sex :( |
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Term
|
Definition
-wet kissing (only one documented case)
-oral sex
-semen deposited in mouth and throat -> mucous membrane with macrophages and T-cells
-sores in mouth and throat
-however, physical and chemical environment in mouth is not hospitable to HIV (acidic) |
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Term
| Least Risky Factors (no chance of spread) |
|
Definition
-masturbation
-abstinence
-dry kissing (closed mouth) |
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|
Term
| Modes of Transmission Statistics |
|
Definition
in the world: 75% heterosexual transmission
in the US: 51% homosexual, 25% IV drug use, 7% both homosexual and IV drug use |
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