Term
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Definition
when and where of disease
how it is transmitted
what is causative agent |
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Term
| Public Health Departments |
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Definition
| work to implement "prevention and control" programs |
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Term
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Definition
concerned with trends in populations, not just individuals
by interviewing, surveying, obtaining info |
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Term
| Epidemiological statistics |
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Definition
express health information as a rate
2 rates: incidence and prevalence |
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Term
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Definition
rate of acquiring a disease during a certain period of time
ie. 0.003% per year in general population of US (3 people in 100,000 per year contracted AIDS)
ie. 3% per year in homosexual men (3,000 people in 100,000 per year contracted AIDS)
so the incidence rate is much higher in homosexual men than in the general population |
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Term
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Definition
rate of how many people have the disease at any particular time (incidence rate x average disease duration)
ie. in 1991 1-1.5 million HIV+ people in the US (1.25/2.5)=0.5% |
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Term
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Definition
endemic - always present in a population @ some level
sporadic - occurs occasionally in a population
epidemic - occurs in unusually high # of individuals in a population in a short time
pandemic - an epidemic that is distributed worldwide |
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Term
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Definition
info sources:
1. public records - vital statistics: birth, death, marriage, divorce records. census data: # of people in an area, age, gender, race, occupation, nationality, marital status, income. disease reports: patient to physician to local public health official to CDC to MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)
2. interviews (shoe leather epidemiology)
3. questionaires or surveys
4. hospital records |
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Term
| Descriptive Epidemiological Study |
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Definition
-occurrence of disease
-info about affected people, place, time
-generally retrospective (collect data after episode occurred)
-backtrack to cause - can take years
ie. AIDS is more prevalent in people living in crowded conditions or who have poor nutrition or who are alcoholics |
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Term
| Analytical Epidemiological Study |
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Definition
-cause of disease
-case control method: look for factors that preceded disease and compare group with disease to a group without the disease and use statistics to analyze data and find factors
-cohort methods: study 2 populations. one that has had contact with causative agent and one that has not. ie. one group of people who have had blood transfusions and one that has not |
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Term
| Experimental Epidemiological Study |
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Definition
-experiments to test a hypothesis
ie. Drug A and treat disease so take group of people with disease and give some Drug A and some a placebo. results? |
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Term
| HIV Transmission Case 1: Homosexual Men |
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Definition
of 1,034 men: percent with HIV
no anal sex: 20.6%
anal sex, insertive: 26.7%
anal sex, receptive: 44.6%
anal sex, both: 53.3% |
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Term
| HIV Transmission Case 2: Casual Contact |
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Definition
of 101 adults and children tested: number with HIV
children under 6: 1 of 21
child of AIDS patient: 1 of 15
child of other patient: 0 of 6
children 6-18: 0 of 47
adults: 0 of 33
people sharing household appliances and items. hugging and kissing family members. only the one child with HIV probably became infected at birth since both parents were IV drug users with HIV |
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