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| Which mountains separate European Russia from Asian Russia? |
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| What climate zone, one of the largest in Russia, is home to several biomes including the taiga? |
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| Russia’s main reason for going to war against Sweden and the Ottoman Empire in the late 1600s was to __________. |
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| What accounts for the low population density found in much of Russia? |
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Russia’s achievements in the late nineteenth century include all of the following except __________.
- leading producer of steel, iron, and oil
- large colonial holdings in Africa
- a world famous author and composer
- cities connected by rail and telegraph |
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Definition
| large colonial holdings in Africa |
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Term
Which of the following was a major cause of social unrest in Russia in 1900?
- The Russian monarchy (the tsars) abolished serfdom decades earlier.
- Communists took ownership of land, mines, and factories.
- There was a wide gap between the nobility and the peasants.
- Marxist revolutionaries were trying to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II. |
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Definition
| There was a wide gap between the nobility and the peasants. |
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| One major result of the 1905 revolution in Russia was that __________. |
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Definition
| Russian workers organized into soviets |
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| What did Tsar Nicholas II do after Bloody Sunday to show the workers he was willing to share some of his power? |
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Definition
| created an elected parliament |
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| Who was the head of the Bolsheviks and worked toward turning Russia into a communist nation? |
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| What did unrest in the Russian military and civilian population first lead to in 1917? |
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Definition
| the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a Provisional Government |
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| Lenin dealt with those who opposed his rule by using the Cheka, which was a __________. |
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| What brilliant speaker and writer became the number two man in the Bolshevik party and eventually raised a large army during the Russian civil war? |
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| Why did the USSR adopt atheism as an official state policy? |
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Definition
| to eliminate one potential source of conflict and opposition |
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| In the new Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, all of the power was concentrated in the hands of a small ruling group called the __________. |
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| Why were German military leaders confident of a victory on the Western Front at the end of 1917? |
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Definition
| Germany had negotiated a peace with Russia and was no longer fighting in the east. |
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Term
Many factors changed American opinion of the Great War and eventually led to a U.S. declaration of war on Germany. Which of the following was not one of these factors?
- German atrocities against civilians in Belgium
- the use of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany
- the massacre of thousands of Armenians by the German army
- the deaths of more than a hundred Americans in the sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boats |
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Definition
| the massacre of thousands of Armenians by the German army |
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Term
Which of the following was not one of President Wilson’s intended outcomes of the Great War?
- an overthrow of the Communist government in Russia
- justice, not revenge
- an international organization for maintaining peace
- a reduction of arms and weapons by all of the world's countries |
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Definition
| an overthrow of the Communist government in Russia |
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| What was a factor that helped the Allies force Germany to sign the armistice on November 11, 1918? |
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Definition
| Germany and Austria-Hungary were experiencing civilian uprisings. |
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| The human and economic costs of World War I included __________. |
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Definition
| the ruin or near ruin of many European economies |
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| What did U.S. President Woodrow Wilson argue for during the peace conference at Versailles? |
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| Why did French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau want to cripple Germany with a punitive peace? |
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Definition
| to make it impossible for Germany to wage war again |
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Term
Major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles included all of the following except __________.
- a war guilt clause blaming Germany for the war and requiring Germany to pay war reparations
- the transfer of all of Germany’s colonies in Africa to Great Britain and France
- the creation of an international organization to help maintain world peace
- a war reparations clause forcing all Central Powers to pay their enemies for damage |
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Definition
| a war reparations clause forcing all Central Powers to pay their enemies for damage |
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| How did Europe’s borders changed as a result of the Treaty of Versailles? |
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Definition
| The new nations of Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia were created. |
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| How did most Germans feel about the Treaty of Versailles? |
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Definition
| They thought it was unjust and felt humiliated by the treaty's provisions. |
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| Following popular opinion, the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because __________. |
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Definition
| Americans were not interested in joining the League of Nations |
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