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| A way of life based upon the ownership and use of land |
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| a piece of land held by one man (a lord) |
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| One who uses a land from a lord in exchange for certain promised services |
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| The person at the top of the feudal system |
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| Land the king kept for personal use |
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| the heart of the military force of the various kingdoms in western Europe |
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| the code of conduct for the nobility and the knights |
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| certain colorful and unique symbols , emblems, and designs displayed on armor, shields, and banners |
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| A family's distinct display of heraldry |
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| groups of knights fought a mock battle that lasted an entire day and ranged over the whole countryside |
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| Two knights fought to knock each other off their horses |
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| Training falcons to hunt small game such as ducks or rabbits |
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| estates that belonged to the nobles |
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| the farmers of the manors; peasants |
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| supervised the overall running of the manor and acted as judge in the manor's court |
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| supervised the cultivation of the lord's demesne(fields), collected rents, and inspected the serf's work |
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| the church forbade fighting from Friday through Sunday of each week |
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| priests denied the sacraments to persons who robbed churches, took a serf's property, or killed noncombatants during battle |
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| journeys to certain holy places in an effort to prove their piety |
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| Pope Urban II proclaimed the beginning of the Crusades |
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| wars with the purpose of capturing the Holy Land from the Muslims and holding it for Christendom |
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| An unofficial first crusade made up of simple farmers |
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| The European nobles recaptured Asia Minor for the Byzantine Empire and took Jerusalem |
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| Conrad's German army was defeated before it reached the Holy Land and accomplished nothing |
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| an energetic monk that convinced the people to join the Second Crusade |
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| A gifted Muslim leader who unified his followers |
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| proclaimed by the pope after the fall of Jerusalem |
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| Lead the Crusade of Kings |
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| led his men back to Europe after a minor victory at the seaport of Acre |
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| never even reached the Holy Land, but plundered Constantinople |
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| 30,000 French children prompted by fanatical preaching marched on the Holy Land |
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| Muslims were the masters of the Holy Land |
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