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| Irish were Roman Catholic, the WASPS didn't like them. They thought they were strange and secretive. They thought it was odd that they prayed to saints |
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| Religion, Race (Black Irish), Violent: boxing, known for bar fights, culture celebrates violence; Drunkards |
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| Irish, at church they "drink the blood" of Christ |
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| Irish, at church they ate the body of Christ and WASPs thought they literally killed babies and ate them |
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| white on the outside, black on the inside |
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| New York City Draft Riots |
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| 1863, fought back against the draft |
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| Irish stereotypes, Bridget (women) violent drunk prostitutes, Paddy (men) barfights ended up w/ the men being taken to the paddywagon |
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| Functions of the Institutional Catholic Church |
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kind of like welfare:
1. Education (irish dont assimilate)
2. Banking- priests go over to Ireland to send $
3. Work- employ people to work at church & help find jobs, daycare for working Irish, help prostitutes find new jobs
4. Not just for worship- 1% of Irish became Protestant |
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| have very strong voice in US politics |
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| Irish collectively decide to vote a certain way |
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group of people control ALL politics. pretty much takes away democracy in specific cities
(became outlawed in 1917) |
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| not politican (people owe favors to them) basically they get people to vote the same way |
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| all about politics, political boss sort of like Godfather |
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| Presidential Election of 1960 |
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| how Irish became American, his dad had a lot of money and a lot of power and basically paid political bosses to vote for JFK. In the first televised debate he looked young, charming, dashing |
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| televised debates look old, evil, etc |
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Penn "Dutch"
19th Century Germans
20th Century Germans |
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Push factors: Reformation, for religious freedom
they were Protestant: diff kinds (Quarkers, amish) |
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| Nothing to do w/ Netherlands. |
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| improve land, build beautiful homes & communities --> WASPS moving west --> Germans move further West |
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| come in large #s, 10 million, diff economic classes --> diff religions (1/3 Protestant) |
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| Push Factors for 19th Century Germans |
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Lower- potato blight; hard life; catholic; little money
Middle- Inudstrial Revoln'; wrong side of it; Protestant |
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main industries
Piano: improve quality of life; more accessible
Beer: Brought really good beer |
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| oldest food regulation, only igredients were water, hops, barley --> better beer ---> good stereotypes --> a lot of $ |
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| be like Germans if you can't be English |
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| WWI: Anti-German sentiment |
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| portray germans as monkeys. Germans are spies, speaking German in school was outlawed, book burning |
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| hung for being thought to be a socialist (in Illinois) |
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| Germans try to prove how American they are --> change names, join military (it works very well) |
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| hate Japanese more. b/c of dec 2, 1941 |
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| Come to US from germany, atomic powewr, he is American |
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| ONly group to have an anti-immigration law, were excluded specifically, regress as a country in 1800s |
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| Trade Route. made China cosmopolitan |
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| Topography, family divisions |
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| Guadong/Canton Providence |
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| Toishan= all Chinese come from here (huge city) |
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| claim common ancestor, diff dialects, mostly based on surname (last name comes first), oldest man in clan in charge, occasionally clans will unite but generally they are separate |
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| clans based on surname. last name came first |
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| Government: resist modernization, corruption, foreign influence, war and Rebellion, bankrupt, employ military to be enforcers, taxing (heavy, over population, imperialism, weather |
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taken over by another country, cultural influence, messes up economy.
China is like a pie (it is divided). THey try to fight back (Boxer REbellion 1899-1901) failed |
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| Giant waves which flood China. |
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| San Fran (1849)= Gum Saan (gold mountain) (one of the reasons that China goes to Cali |
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| Pull factors to USA for Chinese |
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Gold Rush
Work: available, contract laborer, didn't plan on staying, went home to bring money (30 years) |
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| 3 block radius in San Fran |
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| Try to steal Gold, Get 50% less for the gold they sell cuz they're Chinese and people think they stole it |
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| Taxed 25% of what its worth |
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| Transcontinentel Railroad |
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| pays a lot of money to Chinese. Built tunnels. "Lighters" use dynamites |
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| Chinese were willing to work for cheaper --> labore disputes 1 wk = 1 month ($) |
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| Only Chinese men came to the US |
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Chinese. Six clans emerge, gov. in China Town. Called Yan Wo Co
Help to find jobs, social welfare, looking out for Chinese, want loyalty |
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| alternate company, secret |
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| Chinatown (gambling house, opium den,etc) |
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| Chinese as part of the Asian peoples, that all Asians were going to get together, rise up, and take over the world. The white men would be powerless to stop them |
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| a leader during labor disputes, advocated violence against Chinese workers and against companies that hire |
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| Labor Dispute for Chinese |
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| known for taking jobs at lowest pay (half the rate) pisses of white and african americans b/c they're competing for jobs. No minmum wage laws at the time. Whites lose jobs to them. |
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| ne Chinese was killed. Hundreds were imprisoned for their own safety |
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| Rock Springs Massacre of 1885 |
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| 28 were killed. and 75 had their homes burnt down. Caused by tension |
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| The Chinese Question of 1867 |
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| what do we do about Chinese immigrants? Election for governor in Cali is based on Chinese Question. Republican- nothing we can do about it but we have to stop them from coming. Democrat- oh hey let's deport them (people weren't behind that b/c it was mean and undemocratic) |
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| The Naturalization Act of 1870 |
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| only white and black people can be American citizens (doesn't affect them b/c they never planned on staying so none of them left. it was a failure. dur) |
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| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 |
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| ban Chinese immigration to the United States (year before it was passed, 8031 entered US. in 1887, 10 legally entered the US) |
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| Chinese immigrants who leave temporarily will not be let back in |
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| Chae Chan Ping V. US 1889 |
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| fought against the laws. Unconstitutional. Supreme court basically says fuck you |
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| any women who marries an alien loses their right to citizenship |
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| asian countries go here. where they will be stopped and inspected to see if they can come to main land. It's a detention center. Stay for 3 months, up to a year. 175000 stoped at Angel island. between 1910 and 1950 angel island closes down. |
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| building burnt down where info was housed. so immigrants can come in. 175000 are allowed to enter US as paper sons |
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| 20th Century Images of Chinese in America |
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| thought they were evil or whatever |
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| give tours of Chinatown. expose to Americans for a fee. So the Chinese use the stereotype against the white Americans. --> makes them a lot of money && bad for stereotypes |
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| diabolical and treacherous; master-mind criminal (china) |
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| China. mystic and bafoonish; detective; not a bad person; but not normal |
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| whites acting like chinese in films |
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| Naturalization Act of 1943 |
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| end Chinese Exclusion Act && allows Chinese to immigrate |
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| Chinese woman; also diabolical |
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| women who need to be saved (China) |
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| Chinese Communist Revolution |
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| October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong, "The People's Republic of China" |
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| 1980s. older generation starts to die. cultural ties to china lessen. They look a lot more American now. Exception- people who live in Chinatown. Younger generation places premium on education. Becoming doctors, lawyers, businessmen, engineers, etc. by 1959 the median family income for a chinese family was $6207, WASP-$5660 |
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Only ethnic group that is bound together by religion
They don't come from one country, they come from more than one country |
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| 600CE movement of jews out of homeland && into the rest of the world |
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| believed that they killed Jesus Christ |
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| profiting off of someone else's suffering (a sin for Christians) |
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1. Jews placed in Jewish ghettos (locked up at night)
2. Couldn't work certain jobs
3. Not allowed to go to school or higher education
4. Denied basic rights of citizenship |
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Spain and Portugal (Orthodox Jews)
minority in a place thats mostly Catholic |
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| Main push factor for Sephardic Jews. religious persecution from 1478-1834. wanted to make everyone Catholic & wanted to make sure that all Catholics in Spain adhere to the monarchy of Spain rather than the Pope |
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| Act of faith. Profess the Lord's prayer in public to prove that you have converted to Catholicsm. (For Sephardic Jews) |
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| (edict of expulsion) March 31, 1492 by the church, ordered the expulsion of all Jews out of Spain and Spanish territories (hard for jews to leave Spain b/c they dont have a home country) |
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| Formative Wave Immigration. come w/ some money. Middle & Upper class migration. skills: bankers, financers. jews are tolerated. Not actively trying to kill them. Will not form ethnic enclaves (community of immigrants) this is good obvi. want to spread out and fit in (3000 people) |
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primary job. traveling salesmen
- sold high quality goods at low prices b/c they were trying to better their reputation
- Makes enough money to build stores. General store on the outskirts of town. Sell through catalogues- easy way to expand store. turns into sears, macys, etc.
- Came over in family units --> employ their own family for jobs
- Accused of being clanlike. they become suspicious of them |
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| a way for Jews to assimilate in Germany but still remain Jewish |
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| (Germans)does not mean good, means that they're different. come in by the millions |
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Main pull Factor for Second Wave of German Jews
the industrial revolution (henry ford)
= Want them to come and work these jobs
= WASPS feel above these jobs (factory jobs)
= jobs that no one else wants |
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| New Immigrant (what classifies you as one) |
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Definition
1. Religion: not Christians. (some) (Greek Orthodox). Mystical religions (Japanese)
2. Language: speak different languages
3. Unskilled Laborers: tenant farmers
4. Region/Race: defined by the region of the country they come from. (Eastern and Southern Europe) (Western was seen as a more civilized place)
(they cant assimilate) |
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Ashkenazic Jews
Eastern/Central Europe & Russia
- Don't have cultural ties to the jews who are already in the US
- Lower class, dont try to fit in |
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making all people Russian (In Russia) (Forced) state sponsered population elimination
= Ashkenazic Jews resist this
= Military service: goes into households to make sure kids become Russian soldiers. takes kids at 8 years old when you are taken into the military and forced to serve at least 25 years (Most effective tool)
= Fighting Back: they physically impair their children so that they cant go into the military service.
= Marriage Laws: no jewish women can marry jewish men |
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(1871-1917) state sponsered population elimination by death
= tsar/ Alexander II: a little relaxed. commit himself to freeing the serfs (enslaved).
= Attempt to assassinate him. People's Will Movement assassinates him Marcnh 13, 1881 |
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a little relaxed. commit himself to freeing the serfs (enslaved).
= Attempt to assassinate him. People's Will Movement assassinates him Marcnh 13, 1881 |
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