Term
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Definition
- Andrew Jackson vowed to get rid of the bank
- Bank's 20-year charter was about to expire
- Henry Clay and Daniel Webster wanted to renew charter 4 years early so it could be in the election of 1832
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Term
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Definition
- Clay's plan backfired
- Jackson vetoed bank charter's renewal, and most people supported him
- Jackson won the election
- Martin van buren elected VP
- Jackson withdrew money from National Bank and gave it to state banks
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Term
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Definition
- Jackson doesn't seek 3rd term
- Whig Party formed to oppose Democrats
- Martin van Buren elected 8th president
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Term
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Definition
- Country enters a depression
- President Martin van Buren's "laissez faire" approach was ineffective
- Democratic Party split over issue
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Term
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Definition
- Democrats controlled presidential office for 12 years
- Whig party candidates: William Harrison and John Tyler
- "Log Cabin" Campaign: Whig's defeat van Buren
- Harrison (9th president) died 31 days into office from Pneumonia
- John Tyler became 10th president
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Term
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Definition
- The Whig party split over sectional differences
- James K. Polk (Dem.) defeated Henry Clay (Whig) to become 11th president
- Polk declined to run for a 2nd term
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Term
| Election of 1824: Dem-Repub party splits |
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Definition
- William H. Crawford: former Georgia congressman, Secretary of Treasury, failing health weakened candidacy
- Andrew Jackson: War of 1812 hero from Tennessee, spoke for common man
- Henry Clay: Speaker of House from Kentucky, "Great Compromiser"
- J.Q. Adams: Son of 2nd prez, supported merchants from the north
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Term
| Election of 1824: Striking a bargain |
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Definition
- Jackson recieved highest number # of popular votes
- No candidate recieved majority of electoral votes
- House of Reps. selects prez
- Henry Clay used his influence to get JQA elected
- Henry Clay became Secretary of State
- Jackson was furious
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Term
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Definition
- Accusations cast shadow over Adams admin.
- Adams's policies: stronger navy, gov funds for scientific ecpeditions, internal improvements, fed gov to direct economic growth
- In 1826, Adams's foes gained control of House of Reps. and Senate
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Term
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Definition
- Dem party splits
- Dems: Jackson supporters: frontiersmen, laborers of city, immigrants; mistrusted strong central gov, states's rights
- Nat. Repubs: JQA's supporters: strong fed gov; merchants and farmers
- Jackson wins in a landslide
- John C. Calhoun switched parties and became VP
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Term
| Andrew Jackson Presidency: Equality |
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Definition
- Equal protection and equal benefits for all Americans
- White males voting 1824: 27%; 1828: 58%
- by 1840 more than 80% of white males voted
- Women still couldn't vote, African and Native Americans had few rights of any kind
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Term
| Andrew Jackson Presidency: Spoils System and Electoral Changes |
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Definition
- Spoils system:
- Dems argued that ordinary citizens could handle gov jobs
- Jackson fired many fed workers and replaced them w/ Nominating Conventions
- Electoral Changes:
- Caucuses replaced by nom. conventions
- 1832: Dems had first nat. convention in Baltimore, MD
- Jackson won the party's nomination
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Term
| Jackson Presidency: Tarriff Debate |
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Definition
- Congress passed a tarriff on manufactured goods in 1828
- Southerners called it "Tarriff of Abominations"
- South Protests:
- VP John C. Calhoun said states could nullify a fed law
- Some called for southern secession
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Term
| Jackson Presidency: Webster-Hayne Debate |
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Definition
- Daniel Webster attacked idea of nullification:
- Nullification would mean end of the Union
- Robert Hayne (SC):
- Defended nullifications
- States had right to nullify acts
- Jackson takes a stand:
- John C. Calhoun was elected Senator from SC and resigned as VP
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Term
| Jackson Presidency: The Nullification Crisis |
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Definition
- Congress passed a new, lower tarriff in 1832
- South Carolina passed the Force Bill vowing not to pay tarriffs
- Clay's compromise gradually lowered the tarriff over several years
- Congress passed the Force Bill which South Carolina nullified
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Term
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Definition
- Factory System: The entire production process brought together under one roof; dominates economy of North
- Textiles, shoes, watches, guns, sewing machines, farm equipment
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Term
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Definition
- Very poor; long hours, unsafe environment
- Child labor
- Trade Unions-Organized grps to protect workers' rights
- Strikes halted work and disrupted trade to demand better conditions, shorter hours, better pay
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Term
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Definition
- People moved to cities in great numbers for jobs
- By 1860, NYC had 800,000 people in it
- Philadelphia had a pop. of 500,000
- Between 1820 and 1840, towns on Mississippi River (i.e. St. Louis, Pittsburg, and Louisville grew into major cities
- Great Lakes became center for shipping
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Term
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Definition
- One of the most imp. phenomena of Industrial Revolution
- Factories could not run w/o constant supply of raw materials, or w/o method of moving goods to markets
- People moved by RR
- By 1850, North had more than 21,000mi of RRs, while South had 9,000mi
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Term
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Definition
- Dramatic rise in immigration
- Devastating famine in Ireland led 1.5 mil to America
- Immigrants chose North b/c they couldn't compete w/ slave in South
- Took low-paying factory jobs or settled in less desireable places
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Term
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Definition
- "Nativists" formed secret anti-Catholic societies
- Anti-immigrant
- When someone in the group was asked about the political party, they would respond, "I know nothing."
- The Know-Nothings wanted strict immigration and citizenship laws
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Term
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Definition
- Yeomen-farmer who did not own slaves
- Tenant Farmer- farmer who worked on rented land
- Rural poor- lived in crude cabins in wooded areas; cleared trees to plant crops
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Term
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Definition
- Large farm that covered several thousand acres
- Only 4% of plantation owners owned more than 20 slaves
- A large majority owned fewer than 10 slaves
- Slaves worked in the house, in barns, were skilled laborers or were field hands
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Term
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Definition
- No libery, no money, no hope
- One of the worst fears was being sold to another slave owner and being separated from their family
- Developed their own culture
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Term
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Definition
- 2-3 families occupied a square log home
- Large, close-knit extended families became a vital feature of slave life
- Marriage was not recognized by law, but slaves married anyways
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Term
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Definition
- Southern States had laws that controlled the slave population
- Designed to prevent slave rebellions
- Prevented slaves from assembling in large groups
- Slaves could not leave property w/o permission
- Educating slaves was strictly forbidden
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Term
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Definition
- Abolitionists- Reformers who worked to end slavery
- The Constitutional Convention decided each state would decide the issue of slavery
- By the 1800's the North had abolished slavery
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Term
| American Colonization Society |
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Definition
- First large-scale anti-slavery movement
- Resettle slaves in Africa
- Abolitionists from VA bought slaves from slaveholders
- Settlers moved to Liberia (Latin for "a place for freedom") on the West coast of Africa
- Only 12,000-20,000 settlers were relocated; most did not want to leave families in America
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Term
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Definition
- FoundedThe Liberator, an antislavery newspaper in Boston
- Called for "immediate and complete emancipation."
- In 1832, started New Englan Antislavery Society
- By 1838, the abolitionist movement had over 1,000 chapters across the North
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Term
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Definition
- Sarah and Angela Grimke' were among the first women to speak out against slavery
- Used their inheritance to free slaves
- American Slavery as it is : A collection of firsthand accounts of life under slavery, was one of the most influential abolitionist publications of all time
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Term
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Definition
- Most widely known African American abolitionist
- Born enslaved in MD and escaped
- Powerful speaker in America and Europe
- Editor of The North Star, an antislavery newspaper
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Term
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Definition
- Changed her name from Isabella Baumfree to "walk in the light of God's truth."
- Escaped slavery in 1826
- Worked for abolition of slavery and women's rights
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Term
| Samuel Cornish and John Rushwurm |
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Definition
- Started the country's first African American newspaper, Freedom's Journal
- David Walker challenged blacks to overthrow slavery by force
- In 1839, free black leaders held their first convention in Philadelphia
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Term
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Definition
- Network of escape routes from the South to the North
- "Passengers" travelled by night by following the North Star
- During the day, passengers rested at "stations"
- "Conductors" guided the passengers to freedom
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Term
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Definition
- Opposition in the North:
- Abolitionists represented only a small minority
- A threat to nation's social order
- Competition for jobs
- Violence broke out in Philadelphia, Boston, and other cities
- South Reacts:
- Slavery was essential to south and the nation's economy
- Slaves compared to factory workers in north
- Slaves could not take care of themselves
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Term
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Definition
- 1819- 11 slave and 11 free states
- 1819- MO territory inc. 50,000 whites and 10,000 slaves and wanted to enter the union
- MO would upset balance in power in Senate
- Clay's compromise-MO as slave, MN as free
- MO Comp. Line divided free from slave states
- Applied only to lands acquired by Louisiana Purchase
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Term
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Definition
- Issue of Slavery in W lands divided nation
- "Manifest Destiny"-acquiring TX, CA and OR
- TX won independence from Mex in 1836, allowed slavery
- CA and NM still belonged to Mex
- OR Territory border still in dispute
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Term
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Definition
- Whigs: Zachary Taylor
- Dem: Lewis Cass
- Neither took stand on slavery
- Free-soil party: Martin van Buren
- Zachary Taylor became 12th POTUS
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Term
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Definition
- CA ready to enter union
- 1849-15 free and 15 slave states
- Other issues plagued nation
- Sen. Henry Clay proposed plan to solve most pressing issues before Congress
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Term
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Definition
- Tayolr opposed plan and threatened to use force against South if states tried to secede
- Taylor suddenly died in July
- New prez Millard Fillmore backed Clay's plan
- Stephen Douglas, young sen. from IL helped push 5 sep. bills through Congress
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Term
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Definition
- CA admitted to union as free state
- TX and NM Act: Organized NM as terr. and allowed "Popular Sovereignty" in TX
- UT Act: Established as a terr. gov.
- Fugitive Slave Act: req. all citz. to catch runaway slaves
- Abolished slave trade in DC
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Term
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Definition
- All citz. to assist in capt. of runaway slaves
- Penalties: fine or imprisonment
- Ppl in South thought this law would end dispute over slvry
- Slaveholdrs capt. free blacks and brought them down south into slavery
- Many Northerners refused to cooperate
- Many juries failed to convict violators of this law
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Term
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Definition
- Franklin Pierce(dem.)=4th POTUS
- IL sen. Stephen Douglas introduced bill in Congress to create KS-NE terr.
- Popular soverignty would decide slavery issue
- Proposed law basically repealed MO compromise
- Franklin Pierce helped push bill through Congress in 1854
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Term
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Definition
- Pro and antislavery groups rushed supporters into KS
- 1855-proslavery legislature elected
- 1500 ppl in terr, 6,000 ppl voted
- Border Ruffians crossed border into KS from MO and voted illegally
- Antislavery forces conducted own elections and created own gov
- Prez Pierce and US sen. backed proslavery gov
- House of Reps. backed antislavery gov
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Term
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Definition
- 1856- 800 slavery supporters attacked Lawrence, KS
- John Brown bleevd God chose him to punish proslavery ppl
- Newspapaers wrote about escalating violence
- New gov, John Geary used fed troops to stop violence
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