Term
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Definition
- rabbits are skilled at hiding their disease
- ensure come in a secure box with their own food
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Term
| Systemic clinical exam approach |
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Definition
1. demeanour
2. auscultations and temp
3. nose to tail exam
4. ventrum exam
5. dental exam
6. weight |
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Term
| Examine from a distance and demeanour |
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Definition
- general demeanour, posture and mentation
- resting resp rate and rhythm
- observe as a group if have to
- urine or faeces
- gait, degree of lameness |
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Term
| Auscultation and temperature |
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Definition
Heart: listen, pulse quality ( femoral or central auricular artery)
Lungs: listen, trachea and sinuses, infant stethy,
Gut sounds: gurgles and wooshes- 2-4 p. min
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Term
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Definition
- ocular discharge - unilateral or bilateral
- crusting around eye, alopecia
- eye position, nystagmus , sunken or exopthalmus
- opening of lacrimal duct- observe discharge from punctum
- eyelids
- cornea should be clear
- components of eye- chelezia ( pop out with needle)
- MM color- slightly paler than dog and cat |
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Term
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Definition
- nares are examined- patent and free of discharge
- sneezing or dyspnoeic ( upright neck extended)? |
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Term
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Definition
- along the maxillae, zygomatic arches and ventral mandible
- The mandible should be gently manipulated from side to side to assess degree of lateral
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movement and any restriction to normal movement, pain or resentment noted.
- side to side movement
- both sides at same time, spot the difference, along cheek teeth as well
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Term
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Definition
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- The pinnae should be examined as for the rest of the skin.
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- Both ear canals are inspected visually on either side of the tragus with an otoscope.
- Abnormal findings may include the presence of exudates, ectoparasites, foreign bodies or masses. A small amount of wax ( cream colored) is a normal finding but should not be associated with any inflammation of the epithelium.
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- The tympanic membrane should be visible in most rabbits and in the healthy state is white and translucent.
- scabby, can see psoroptes caniculi, bite wounds
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Term
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Definition
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Limbs
The bones and joints of each limb should be palpated, palpating opposite limbs
simultaneously for more reliable comparisons. Neck and Back
The muscles and bones of the neck and back should be palpated and any pain or irregularities noted.
Thorax
Gentle palpation over the ribs for detection of fractures/irregularities with light pressure
to assess chest compliance. (N.B. a rigid thoracic cavity may indicate the presence of an intrathoracic mass.)
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Term
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Definition
- be careful- abdominal viscera is thin walled
- In the normal rabbit the stomach, kidneys, bladder and much of the small and large intestine and its contents can be palpated.
- stomach should be soft and compressible
- may feel pellets and ingesta in caecum
- can feel kidneys unless alot of retroperinal fat- more cranial and mobile
- bladder
- LIVER AND SPLEEN RARELY PALPABLE
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Term
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Definition
- coat quality
- surface of rabbit
- dosrum, face, ventral neck and dewlap, perineum, palmar surfaces of hock
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Term
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Definition
- popliteal and prescapular lymph nodes can normally be palpated
- others palpable when enlarged |
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Term
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Definition
Perineum: urine scald, accum of soft faeces , fly strike EMERGENCY
Sexing: external genitalia.,
Podo: point of the hocks |
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Term
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Definition
- otoscopic exam- leave till last
- bunny burrito, care not to obstruct the nares
- Incisor teeth and oral mucosa: Abnormalities of note include discolouration, tooth fracture, abnormal wear, loose teeth, infection and malocclusion, with or without soft tissue trauma. (N.B. mucous membrane colour can also be assessed at this point)
- CHEEK TEETH and TONGUE: The cheek teeth and tongue are examined with the aid of an otoscope with a metal cone attached (a rabbit will quickly destroy a plastic cone). Abnormalities that may be visualised include crown elongation, malocclusion, spike formation, tooth loss, infection, soft tissue trauma and haemorrhage. A good otoscopic oral examination takes practice, but can be a very reliable method of diagnosing dental problems.
- teeth grinding- discomfort
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Term
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Definition
- weigh each time comes in
- BCS ( 1-5)
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