Rationalism (vs empiricism)

natural laws, beauty, musical rations and octives.

materialist (everything in universive is physical)

math could explain and describe everything

nature should be respected

gender equality

perfection is abstract

Nothing ever stays the same

things are constantly changing

history is chaotic

"you can never step into the same river twice"

used fire to explain the everchanging world

worked in dualities (dark and light  over under) these are necessary for change to happen

understood there was always stuff we would never know because things were always changing

physical determinist(material causes of behavior)

everything is made of tiny invisable parts called atoms**

primary qualities (color and weight) and secondary qualities (texture)

atoms get reorganized to reform new objects

Reductionism (observable phenomena)

elementist(things can be understood by studying the elements that they consist of)

Placed thought in brain, emotion in heart, appetite in liver

Discussed the 5 senses

completly naturalistic view no supernatural conditions

taught the wealthy

clever arguement - dialog - law

very expensive

skepticism - truth is an individial perception  reality lies with the perciever

Protagoras

Know thyself

idealist (reality consists of ideas. not physical) and mentalist

truth and reality is established in the form of ideas

virtue is knowledge

self knowledge   asked why

what we know of him we know from plato

Not wealthy and wanted to pass knowledge

Believed in 1 god

fell out of favor. chose to die by hemlock rather then renounce his teachings

morality conformity and law

rationlist (reality comes from ideas)

"The academy"

believed there were 2 worlds. Knowledge (reason) and opinion (senses)

3 part soul

appetite (bodily - drives/needs) - id

spirit (courage - heart) - superego

both bodily - mortal

reason (free)

heavenly immortal soul

ego

memory is repitition

perception and visual illusions

mental illnesses

education

dream annalysis

Theory of forms - everything in the world is a manifestation of pure idea

reminiscence theory of knowledge - all knowledge is innate and can be attained through introspection which is searching within ones experiences

law - logic - physics - anatomy - biology- ethics - language

influenced islamic scholars

wrote 1st known psych text

rationalistm (plato ) empiricim (aristotle) - gain knowledge through senses and experience

tested scientific hypothoses

meterial (what)

efficiant (how)

formal (form)

purpose (why)

biology - placed brain in heart 

thought blood was the substance of life

bloodless (inverts)-> blooded (verts)->fish amphibians birds mammals

SOUL

vegitative (plants) sensative (animals) rational (humans)

first distinction between humans and animal kingdom

theory of intelligence

(only humans have thought and thought requires images)

memory and recall theory modified to modern learning theory

studied dreams and hallucinations

medicine - natural causes for illnesses not spiritual or magical

escences coresponded to forms in nature (plato)

escences existed but could only be found by studying nature (aristotle)

aristotle embraces rationalism (logic and menal opperaions to gain knowledge) and empiricism (senses used to gain knowledge)

plato - first principals were arrived at through pure thought - all knowledge independant of nature

aristotle  first principals were arrived at by examining nature directly

aristotle thought math was useless

plato followed pathagoras

sophist

man is the measure of all things

truth depends on perciever rather then physical reality

reality depends on perciever   different from person to person

to understand why a person beleved what they do you must understand the person

interested in teachinf skills necessary for effective communication

nothing is false - but some beliefs are more valuable then others

hippocratic oath

natural causes instead of supernatural causes

part biological and part enviornmental

4 major factors

earth air fire and water

linked them to bodily fluids

earth-black bile   air - yellow bile

fire - blood  water - phlegm

imbalance in humors caused illness

body has ability to heal itself  physicians aided this

conversion hysteria and blindness

4 humors with temperments

phlegm - sluggish and unemotional

blood - cheerful

yelllow bile - quick tempered  firey

black bile - sad

created rudimentry theory of persoanlity

linked temperment to bodily states

shapes freud and erikson

experimental neurology

terms - pituitary, ventricals, nerves, etc

lack of faith

no proof of anything

no writings from this group

pyrrho

dogmatist- anyone claiming to have arribed at an indisputable truth

diogenes

believed humans were meterialistic and should behave from instinct

did what he wanted when he wanted

anarchy

instinct

fatalist world view

fate is predetermined if you cant change it just deal with it

did not value material possessions

christianity

could chose your religion and philosphy but not run from your fate   your only real choice is to rebel against it or just go with it

physical reality

mentalist

hedonism-

seeking pleasure while avoiding pain

MODERATION

free will

dont worry about the things well never understand

naturalistic instead of supernatural

"on the nature of things" lucretius