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Details Title: History of Design Description: Chapters 1-4 Total Flash Cards: 88 Created: 02/06/2006 14:46:47	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Cave paintings were the birth of what? Definition visual communications Term For what purpose were cave paintings created? Definition utilitarian and ritualistic Term What purposes may the cave paintings have had? Definition 1 magical rites to gain power over animals and success in hunting 2 teaching children hunting instruction Term Pictographs Definition elementary pictures or sketches to represent the things dipicted-such are animals painted on cave painting walls Term ideographs Definition symbols to represent ideas or concepts Term petroglyphs Definition carved or scratched signs or simple figures on rock Term The leap from village culture to high civilization occured after what people arrived? Definition Sumerian people Term Sumerian people arrived in Mesopatamia at what time? Definition near the end of the 4th millenium Term Teh sumerians invented a system of Gods. Who headed it? Definition A supreme diety Term What was the most important sumerian contribution to civilization? Definition Invention of Writing Term The sumerians, being a temple based economy, had a great need for what? Definition keeping records Term A theory of the initial purpose behind sumerian writing is labeling what? Definition food Term When and where do Sumerians settle and develop writing? Definition In Mesopatamia in 3100 Term When did the sumerians begin to write in horizantal rows,left to right, top to bottom? Definition 2800 BC Term When is the sharp point stylus replaced? Definition 2500 BC Term What is the sharp stylus replaced with? Definition a triangular tipped one Term What did the pictograph language evolve into? Definition abstract cuneiform Term What do pictographs represent? Definition animate and inanimate objects Term What do picto-graphs evolve into> Definition ideographs Term What do ideographs represent? Definition abstract ideas Term What do the ideographs turn into? Definition Picture symbols Term What do picture symbols represent? Definition Sounds of words not easily depicted Term What is the highest development of cuneiform? Definition using abstract signs to represent syllables Term What is the highest development of cuneiform? Definition using abstract signs to represent syllables Term Who simplified cuneiform? Definition the Assyrians Term What did the invention of writing cause? Definition 1 a knowledge explosion 2 libraries to be formed 3 history recorded 4 literature recorded Term What laws were developed to establish social order? Definition the code of Hamurabi Term How is the trade mark invented? Definition Through the use of mesopotamaian cylinder seal Term What was the mesopotamaian cylinder seal? Definition a cylindrical stone with images etched into their surfaces, rolled across damp clay and left impression Term When did the Meso civilization reach its Zenith? Definition the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar (562 BC) Term In 562BC what city state became the richest? Definition Babylon Term Who did Babylon fall to in 538 BC? Definition Persians Term Wehre is the gift of visuable languge passed after the fall of Babylon? Definition to the Phonecians and the Egyptians Term The Egyptian pictoral system? Definition hieroglyphics Term How did the phonecians replace the complexity of cuneiform? Definition with simple phonetic sounds Term hieroglyph is greek for what? Definition sacred writing Term When is the earliest known date of hieroglyphs? Definition 3100 BC Term When was the last known hieroglyph inscription? Definition 394AD after Egypt became a Roman colony Term What is a deterninative? Definition A key fixture, bracket like symbol containing sounds or phonograms of important names Term What did Napolean's troops find in 1799 and how? Definition they found the rosetta stone while they were digging a foundation for an addition to a fortification in the egyptian town of Rossetta Term What is the rosetta stone? Definition black stone written in two languages and three scripts 1 Egyptian Hieroglyphics 2 Egyptian Demotic script 3 Greek Term What did Dr. Thomas Young in 1819 point out? Definition The direction in which the animals face is the direction in which the text should be read? Term In 1822 what contribution did Jean-Francois Champollion make? Definition compared a photo of an obelisk with the rosetta stone and found 1 Glyphs often function as phonemic sounds 2 Sounded out other glyphs until he had a dozen hieroglyphic translations Term What did Campollions books enable other to do? Definition enabled other Egyptologists to unlock the mysteries of Egyptian History and Culture Term By the time of the new kingdom how many hieroglyphs were being used? Definition over 700 Term Of the 700 hieroglyphs during the new kingdom how many were phonograms and how many were pictographs? Definition 600 phongrams 100 pictographs Term How was the first form of paper developed and what was it called? Definition Papyrus make form the stem of a cyperus papyrus plant Term Where did the Cyperus papyrus plant grow? Definition Along the Nile in shallow marshes and pools Term How was papyrus made? Definition 1 Rind peeled away 2 Cut into strips 3 Laid side by side 4 Second layer laid perpindicular 5 Soaked in Nile 6 Pressed 7 Dried in the sun 8 Smoothed with ivory stone 7 Hammered Term What acted as a adhesive in the papyrus paper? Definition The sap in the stem Term How many different grades of papyrus were made? Definition 8 Term How tall were the tallest sheets? Definition 49 cm. 20 sheets pasted together into a scroll Term What is the book of the Dead? Definition 1st person narrative by the deceased that is placed in their tomb Term Who would be commision to write a book of the Dead? Definition scribe or artist Term What was the purpose of the book of the Dead? Definition To help the comissioner triumph over the dangers of the underworld in the tomb, final judgements were rendered Term What was the purpose of the book of the Dead? Definition To help the comissioner triumph over the dangers of the underworld in the tomb, final judgements were rendered Term What was the purpose of the book of the Dead? Definition To help the comissioner triumph over the dangers of the underworld in the tomb, final judgements were rendered Term What would royal family members comission to have done? Definition Cave wall paintings Term What did the Egyptians and Sumerians use to mark their property? Definition cylinder seals Term What were used as identification seals? Definition scarab seals Term What were scarab stones? Definition oval stones of glazed steatite carved into the likeness of a scarab beetle, with the underside inscribed with a hieroglyphic inscription to be used as a stamp Term Is Chinese caligraphy and alphabet? Definition no, it is purely visual art Term How did paper become invented? Definition - Ts'ai Lun, a high gov. official - but may not have invented it - Started as strips of wood that were too heavy -peices of silk, to expensive. -Finally natural fibers including bark and hemp and rags - Beaten to pulp - Strained - Pressed - Dried Term How did paper become invented? Definition - Ts'ai Lun, a high gov. official - but may not have invented it - Started as strips of wood that were too heavy -peices of silk, to expensive. -Finally natural fibers including bark and hemp and rags - Beaten to pulp - Strained - Pressed - Dried Term How did paper become invented? Definition - Ts'ai Lun, a high gov. official - but may not have invented it - Started as strips of wood that were too heavy -peices of silk, to expensive. -Finally natural fibers including bark and hemp and rags - Beaten to pulp - Strained - Pressed - Dried Term What is the oldest surviving manuscript? Definition The Diamond Sutra 868 AD Term What are the two theories of the origin of printing? Definition 1 Chap Theory- engraved seals, impressions in soft clay, inked, printed. 2 Stone Rubbing- China, insriptions made in stone and then did ink rubbings Term Where was movable type invented? Definition China Term When was movable type invented? Definition 1023-1063 AD Term How was movable type created? Definition Pi Shang 1.Independant characters cut from clay and 2 heated over straw to make hard 3 Wax coating put on iron form 4 Type characters set into it 5 Full form fired Term What is the phaistos Disk? Definition -made in 2000BC, -terra cotta disk about 6.5 inches in diameter, - 241 signs - Created by minoan culture Term Describe the Minoan culture? Definition - on island of Crete - used pic. symbols as early as 2800BC Term Why did the Greeks use the word byblos for papyrus? Definition Their papyrus came through the port of Byblos. The English word bible came from here Term How was the Greek alphabet developed? Definition -1000bc-700bc - Had Phonecian alphabet, unclear how - Change 5 consonants to vowels - To versions to begin - Ionic version became standard Term How was the Greek alphabet developed? Definition -1000bc-700bc - Had Phonecian alphabet, unclear how - Change 5 consonants to vowels - To versions to begin - Ionic version became standard Term Describe the appearance of the Greek alphabet? Definition altered teh phoenicial characters into art forms, use horizontal, vertical, and curved diagonal strokes. Term Why were Roman manuscripts called illuminated? Definition They were embellished with gold or silver which reflected the light Term scriptorium Definition writing room in a monastary Term Scrittori Definition well-scholar who understood Greek and Latin, Functioned as editor and art director Term Illuminator Definition illustrator or artist respondsible for the execution of ornament and image in visual support of the text Term Colophon Definition insription in book or manuscript, contains facts about production, scribe, designer, oralater and printer Term Why did the monastatic leaders want elaborate ornamentation on religious texts? Definition help further understanding, creating mystical and spiritual overtones Term What event led to the tragic loss of much of ancient literature? Definition The great Greek library was destroyed by fire. Term How and where was the present day comic book prefigured? Definition scrolls that survived the Greek fire, showed small simple illustrations were inserted into the text Term What is the oldest manuscript from the late antique and early Christian era? Definition Watican Virgil 2-3 great poems of Vergilios Marco Georgies and Aenid Term What was the Caroline graphic renewal? Definition Writing and illustrations had become sloppy Charlemagne demanded reform Sribes got together standardized Went out and taught it Term What contributions did Spain make to book production> Definition Ilustrations that are richly colored geometric designs and intricate patterns Term What happened on New Year's Eve AD 999 Definition People all over waited for the final judgment, believing it was the end of the world