1785-1855

Javanese prince who opposed colonial Dutch rule.

1869-1964

Philippine independence fighter and first president of the new country. 

1800-1859

Pushed for education of India's upper-class children during British colonization. Students would grow up to become government officials in the British administration. 

1820-1903

British philosopher. Argued that progress came from "the struggle for survival." Basis of Social Darwinism.

1855-1922

Briton who became a German citizen. Believed that modern-day Germans were the only pure successors of Aryans. Anti-semite.

1889-1970

Prime Minister of Portugal during World War II.

1922

Limited naval armaments of the five signatories: USA, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy.

Great Britain.

Passed in response of General Strike of 1926. Made strikes illegal in Great Britain.

1872-1950

Thrice Prime Minister of France, notably just before and after World War II.

1871-1925

First President of Germany. Installed government after departure of William II with his Social Democratic party. His was the government that declared the armistice.

Put down several Communist uprisings during the years following World War I.

1916

Agreement between Great Britain and France defining their respective spheres of influence. 

1881-1970

Served as second Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government. Decision to remain in World War I was disastrous for his administration.

Defense of the Realm Act

(DORA)

1914

Great Britain

Passed during early weeks of World War I. Gave government wide range of powers during the war, including requisition of property.

1916

Largest naval battle of World War I.

No conclusive victory.

1915

Allied attempt during World War I to open a new front in the Balkans. Battle took place near Constantinople. Campaign was disastrous for the Allies, and they were forced to withdraw.

1783-1824

Mexican Army General who helped end the Mexican War of Independence.

1778-1850

Argentine general and prime minister who helped liberate South America from colonization by European powers. 

1783-1830

Venezuelan general and political leader. Liberator of many South American countries during their respective wars for independence.

1854-1895

Cuban writer. Also fought for Cuba's independence.

1838-1917

Last monarch of Hawai'i. Attempted to resist American take-over of her country.

1814-1864

Leader of the Tai Ping rebellion. Believed he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ. 

1871-1908

Emperor of China during Qing dynasty. Tried to enact a period of reform, known as the One Hundred Days of Reform. He was overthrown, however, by the court's conservatives and his aunt, Empress Dowager Ci Xi.

1859-1916

General of the Chinese army; eventually abandoned the old government in favor of Sun Yat-sen's party. He agreed to serve as president of a Chinese republic. He eventually tried to make himself emperor, without success.

1904-2005

A Chinese writer who described the disintegration of traditional Confucian ways as the younger members of a large family attempted to break away from their elders.

1866

A military alliance between the feudal domains of Satsuma and Choshu that helped them succeed in overthrowing the shogunate.