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History Final Part 2
part 22
34
History
10th Grade
12/12/2006

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Term
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Definition
limited William and Mary's power.
-no suspending Parliament Laws
-no levying of taxes without a specific grant from the Parliament
-no interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament
-no penalty for a citiizen who petitions the king about grievances
Term
US Declaration of Independence
Definition
people had the right "to alter or abolish" unjust governments- a right to revolt. granted american freedom from Britain.
Term
3 Estates/Old Regime
Definition
1st estate- clergy
2nd estate- nobility
3rd estate- rest of population
Term
Nobility
Definition
had top jobs in government, the army, the courts, and the Church. many nobles lived far from the center of power and hated absolutism and resented the royal bureaucracy. feared losing their traditional privileges, especially their freedom from paying taxes.
Term
Clergy
Definition
owned 10% of land, collected tithes, and paid no direct taxes to the state.
Term
Bourgeoisie
Definition
middle class that included the prosperous bankers, merchants, and manufacturers who propped up the French economy. Also included members of royal bureaucracy, as well as lawyers, doctors, journalists, and skilled artisans.
Term
Louis XVI
Definition
hired Necker as a financial adviser but was forced by 1st and 2nd estates to sack him because they were scared they would lose their power. summoned estates general to meet and locked third estate out of national assembly.
Term
Mary Antoinette
Definition
wife of Louis. came under attack for being frivolous and extravagant. accused of immorality. sparked women's march on versailles because of a false rumor.
Term
Estates General
Definition
called to meet by Louis XVI. deadlocked in issue of voting between estates.
Term
National Assembly
Definition
Third estate took a daring step and formed the assembly because of the deadlocked estates general.
Term
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Definition
the national assembly issued it. The document was modeled after the American Declaration of Independence. it stated that all men remain free and equal in rights. They enjoyed natural rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. all male citizens equal before the law. "liberty, equality, fraternity".
Term
Tennis Court Oath
Definition
national assembly members found themselves locked out of their meeting place. many delegates believed that the king intended to send them home. They vowed not to disband until they had drawn up a constitution in France.
Term
Storming of the Bastille (1789)
Definition
based on rumors that the royal troops were going to occupy the capital, more than 800 parisians assembled outside the Bastille to obtain the weapons and gunpowder believed to be stored there. July 14 = Bastille Day.
Term
Women's March on Versailles
Definition
Enraged about the prices of bread, thousands of women walked towards Versailles to directly protest in front of the king and queen for their disrespect. Louis XVI was forced to move to the Tuileries palace. For the next three years, Louis was a virtual prisoner in his own capital.
Term
Reign of Terror
Definition
July 1973-July 1974. Period of time when about 40,000 people died.
Term
guillotine
Definition
executing machine that propelled the reign of terror.
Term
Maximilien Robespierre
Definition
leader of committee of public safety. shrewd lawyer and politician. Selfless dedication to the revolution = "the incorruptible". Enemies called him a tyrant. promoted religious tolerance. he believed that only through the use of terror could france achieve a republic of virtue.
Term
Committee of Public Safety
Definition
to deal with the threats of france, the convention created the committee. The 12-member committee had almost absolute power as it battled to save the revolution. It prepared France for all-out war, ordering all citizens to join the war effort.
Term
National Convention/Republic
Definition
radicals took control of the Assembly and called for the election of a new legislative body, the National Convention. suffrage was given to all people. It voted to abolish the monarchy and declare FRance a republic.
Term
The Directory
Definition
(3rd stage of rev) In response to the reign of terror, moderates produced another constitution, the third since 1789. The Constitution of 1795 set up a five-man directory and a two-house legislature elected by male citizens of property. (1795-1799). The directory was weak.
Term
Romantic Nationalism
Definition
form of nationalism in which the state derives its political legitimacy as a consequence of the unity of those it governs.
Term
The consulate
Definition
A 3-man board formed by Napoleon after overthrowing the directory.
Term
Napoleon
Definition
emperor of france, promoted education, made napoleonic code and valued order and authority over individual rights.
Term
Concordat of 1801
Definition
kept the church under state control but recognized religious freedom for Catholics.
Term
Napoleonic Code
Definition
Equality of citizens before the law, relgious toleration, and advancement based on merit. No rights for women.
Term
Waterloo(1815)
Definition
after return of Napoleon, enemies regrouped and British forces under Duke of Wellington and a Prussian army commanded by General Blucher crushed the french and sent napoleon back into exile.
Term
Elba
Definition
island in the Mediterranean. first place that napoleon was exiled after defeat in battle of the nations at Leipzig in 1813.
Term
St. Helena
Definition
a lonely island in the South Atlantic. last place napoleon was exiled after defeat at Waterloo.
Term
Louis XVIII
Definition
attained french throne after napoleon's downfall.
Term
Touissant L;Ouverture
Definition
Formerly enslaved, he was unfamiliar with military and diplomatic matters. He rose to become a skilled general and diplomat. By 1801, he had taken control of the entire island of Haiti and freed all the enslaved Africans. Captured by french and died in a prison in the french alps.
Term
Gran Columbia
Definition
Present day Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador. After Simon Bolivar defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Ayacucho(Pero), Latin America was liberated and called Gran Columbia.
Term
Simon Bolivar
Definition
creole general. (venezuelan) united the Spanish colonies of South America into a single country called Gran Colombia. Upper Peru was renamed Bolivia in his honor. Led march through the Andes into what is now Columbia. Met San Martin in Ecuador and made finishing blow on Spanish.
Term
Jose de San Martin
Definition
Argentenian who was sent to europe for military training. Liberated Argentina, Chile and Peru. Stepped down to let Bolivar finish the war.
Term
Miguel Hidalgo
Definition
gave speech of "el Grito de Dolores". It called the people of Mexico to fight for "Independence and Liberty." (creole) executed. inspired Jose morelos(mestizo) to pursue the abolition of slavery and give everyone voting rights.
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