Wilhelm Wundt

These people believed that consciousness was made up of basic elements that were combined in different ways to produce different percetions.

They wanted to discover the form or basic elements of the mental experience.

Structuralists

The technique favored by structuralists for examining mental experience.

 It involves reporting on one's own conscous thoughts and feelings.

Introspection

He set up the first psychology lab in America.

He emphasized accurate measurement and replicability in their studies. 

Edward Titchener

This group were less interested in what made up mental experiences and more interested on how mental experience or processes were adaptive or functional for people. 

They believed that consciousness and behavior in general helped people and animals adjust to their environments.

Functionalist

This famous Functionalist believed that consciousness and behavior in general helped people and animals adjust to their environments.

He thought that understanding the mind meant understanding what the mind accomplished. 

William James

1. Biological Approach
2. Psychodynamic Approach
3. Behaviorist Approach
4. Cognitive Approach
5. Humanistic Approach

Those who adopt the _______ approach to studying behavior focus on understanding how physiological and biochemical processes might produce psychological phenomena.

Behavior may be explained by genes, dna, CNS, hormones etc etc. 

Biological Approach

Psychodynamic Approach

According to _______, the most important urges ar the sexual and aggrssive ones. 

Hw you resolve these conflicts during the first years of life, determines your personality.

Sigmund Freud

The ________ approach explains behavior primarily in terms of learned reposnes to predictable patterns of environmental stimuli.

Classical and Operant Conditioning

Behaviorist Approach

Who studied Classical Conditioning?

Pavlov

Who studied Operant Conditioning?

Skinner

The ______ approach developed in large part as a reaction against behaviorism.  They prefer to avoid explanations of behavior that didn't involve observalbe events (stimuli).

References to "expectations, feelings thoughts etc" were frowned upon.

Cognitive Approach

What might Cognitivists study?

Problem solving, attention, memory and other thought processes.

The central claim of the ______ approach is that people are not merely machines whose behaviors are determinied for them by a genetic code, a conflicted childhood, or stimuli.

Instead they see peolpe as motivated by a desire for optimal growth and development (self actualization)

Humanistic Approach

In ______, researchers assess cause and effect relationships between at least 2 diff veariables.

Experiments

The "cause" is represented by the ____ _______ and will always involve treating subjects in at least 2 diff ways.

Independant Variable

Subjects in the ____ ______ are exposed to the "cause" (independant variable)

Experimental Group

The "effect" is represented by the _____ ______

and will typically invole measuring how subjects behave.

Dependant Variable

Those in the ____ ______ are not exposed to the "cause" (independant variable) in the experiment.

Control Group

When subjects in the experimental group act different because they know they are eing exposed to special treatment, it is called the ___ ___.

Placebo Effect

If subjects dont know if they are receiving the drug or placebo, it is called a ____ ______.

Blind Study

If both test subjects and the scientist do not know which treatment is given, it is called a

 ____ _____ study.

Doube Blind Study

______ _____  involve assessing the relatonship between 2 variables, but because neither variable is manipulated, there is no way to determine whether changes in one variable causes

 changes to the other.

Correlational Study

A ______ relationship means high score on one variable tend to be paired with high scores on the other variable (and low and low).

hight and weight, as one increases, generally the other increases

Positive Relationship

A _____ relationship means high scores on one variable tend to be paired to low scores on another.

As job satisfaction increases, absenteeism decreases.

Negative Relationship

A _______ ________ will describe the strength of the relationship in the correlation study. 

range of -1.0 to +1.0

Correlation Coefficient

______ studies involve in-depth analysis of only one person.  Freud's theory of psychoanalysis was built upon a series of _____ studies.

Case Studies

Behavior might also be studied as it occurs in

 real-life settings is called _____ observation.

Naturalistic Observation