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History and the Basics
Science through the ages and The Scientific Method
15
Science
Undergraduate 2
09/07/2009

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
2000–200 B.C.
Definition
Early science, observing the world
Term
A.D. 200–1200
Definition
Age of theology; Aristotle: earth, air, fire, and water
Term
13th Century
Definition
Aquinas & Magnus (natural truth and revealed truth) Roger Bacon: urged people to “look at the world”
Term
16th Century
Definition
Francis Bacon: advocated experimentalism; Nicolas Copernicus: Earth is round & revolves around the sun
Term
17th Century
Definition
Galileo Galilei: punished for beliefs (house arrest for 14 yrs); Isaac Newton: 3 laws of motions; Archbishop James Usher: Earth was created in 4004 B.C.
Term
Some general facts about Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
Definition
1. He was born in England, the son of a prominent physician.

2. His grandfather, Erasmus, was the first “Darwin” to propose a theory of evolution.

3. He attended medical school but couldn’t stand the sight of blood and soon dropped out.

4. He attended divinity school and graduated.

5. Darwin’s professor, Reverend Henslow, recommended him to Captain Fitzroy, who was planning to sail around the world.

6. As a result of his Uncle Wedgwood’s (as in Wedgwood china) encouragement, Darwin boarded the HMS Beagle
Term
Hypotheses
Definition
a guess regarding the outcome of the change to the system or the phenomenon being studied; must be falsifiable
Term
Scientific Method
Definition
Making a hypothesis based on observations and then testing that hypotheses
Term
Evidence
Definition
Known information
Term
Dependant Variable
Definition
What you are measuring (Depends on what "I" do)
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
What you are in control of (What "I" change"
Term
Models
Definition
Used to understand a phenomenon; they allow the scientist to think about what they believe would happen to the phenomenon if an aspect of the model was changed
Term
Systems
Definition
Understanding how the system is organized is a fundamental starting point in understanding how the system works. Without understanding the organization of a system, it would be impossible to understand the interactions and processes of the subsystems
Term
Subsystem
Definition
A system within a larger system - An atom is composed of protons, neutrons and electrons. Each of these components could be considered a subsystem of the atomic system. These particles are, themselves composed of smaller subatomic particles called quarks.
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
When observing processes, sometimes certain patterns of outcomes will emerge. Sometimes a process leads to a new outcome and provides a new starting point for another process. When this occurs, the outcomes of the system’s processes are evolving. In other cases, the outcome of the processes may always remain between boundaries and may even eventually settle to a particular outcome. This pattern of outcomes is called achieving equilibrium.
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