Term
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Definition
-policy of realism, of action not ideological thoughts
-advocated by Otto von Bismarck
-Bismarck used Realpolitik to achieve Prussian dominance in Germany
-bismarck used realpolitik to defy liberals, violate the constitution, and order taxes to be collected for military reform
-blood and iron |
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Term
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Definition
-means struggle for civilization
-bismarks fight against catholic church
-1870's
- because bismarck said church was being insufficiently nationalistic, church thought it was above all
- bismarck passed laws saying state can restrict religion
- arrested hundreds of priests,
-made catholic church stronger |
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Term
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Definition
-German statesman
-1815-1898
-unified numerous German states into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership
-created a "balance of power" that preserved peace in Europe from 1871 until 1914.
-was very direct, "of blood and iron"
-believed in male suffrage |
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Term
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Definition
-revolutionary government that briefly ruled Paris
-1871 two months
-caused by growing discontent of french workers
-established separation of church and state
-first assumption of power by the working class during the Industrial Revolution
- stood for decentralizing power in france
-rich fled, poor took their places |
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Term
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Definition
-written by karl marx and freidrich engles
-1848
-economic interest drove human behavior
-first published in german
-scientific socialism
-world was haves and have nots, haves= owners of economic production, have nots=exploited labor
- politics, religion and culture shaped by economics |
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Term
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Definition
-two wars fought between the British Empire and Boer republics
-boers=dutch settlers in south africa
-first 1880-1881
-second 1899-1902, longer one, more involved
-ended with the conversion of the Boer republics into British colonies
-These colonies later formed part of the Union of South Africa
-fought because british wanted gold mines
-hardfought war, british won, treated boers well |
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Term
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Definition
-widespread civil war in southern China
-1850 to 1864
-50 million people died, one of deadliest in history
- led by Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, thought son of jesus
- started with guerilla warfare, changed to outright civil war
-caused massive famine which weakened Qing dynasty. |
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Term
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Definition
-book written by charles darwin in 1859
-explains theory of evolution
-written after darwin traveled world on ship
-study of finches on galapagos island
-natural selection, the strong survive |
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Term
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Definition
-the application of darwins theories to human behavior
-some thought it explained why men were superior to women
-Herbert Spencer thought survival of fittest justified harsh competition in society
- strong nations will prevail over others
-conquest improves mankind by mixing strengths |
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Term
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Definition
-late 19th and 20th century
-jewish nationalist movement
- wanted to create independent state for jews in palestine
-led by Theodor Herzl
-caused by weakening of jewish identity, hints of anti-semitism |
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Term
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Definition
-complete domination of a market segment
- because of large growth of industries like steel, communication and transportation
-formed when corporations combined into large monopolistic trusts
-monopolies are able to command markets, prices, and wages
-discovery of gold led to more supply of money, bigger businesses |
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Term
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Definition
-time of emergence of modern industrial production
-late 18th and 19th centuries
-led to booming economy
- emerged first in west, britain was first, because of commerce
-massive increases in production of goods due to machines
- population increased exponentially, people went to cities |
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Term
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Definition
-series of acts by parliament
-enclosed open fields and common lands
- took away rights to cultivation, cutting hay, grazing animals or using other resources such as small timber, fish, and turf
-1750-1860
-5000 individual acts
-11,000 square miles enclosed
-lack of areas to graze caused fall in standard of living, led to machines being used |
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Term
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Definition
-peace conference in vienna after defeat of napoleon
-1814-1815
-great britain, prussia, russia, austria along with anyone important was there
-france had small penalties, had to pay 700 million francs
-redrew territorial boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
-1819
-only 5% of adult males could vote, people were mad
-economic depression hit, left thousands of veterans jobless
-government grew scared of revolution, and took strong action
-crowd assembled in st. peters. fields listened to reform speeches, troops charged on them killing a few and injuring hundreds |
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Term
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Definition
-1788-1824
-romantic poet
-from england
-fought for greek national independence from Turks
-traveled to greece with money, enlisted in a regiment
-died from malaria |
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Term
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Definition
-conservatism- stresses order and traditional values
-conservatism- refutes enlightenment
-conservatism- authority of institutions came from god
-liberalism- individualism, political freedom
-liberalism-laissez-faire economics
-liberalism- 19th and 20th century |
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Term
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Definition
-19th and 20th century
-importance of national identity and nation-state
-believed sovereignty rested with people
-wanted to unify nations, liberate people from foreign rule, create sense of fraternity
-unites people of similar background and belief,
-seen early in france |
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Term
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Definition
-potato famine
-1840's
-forced 1 million irish to flee homeland to escape starvation
- many went to america between 1880-1992
-caused by fungus that ate potatoes
- more than a million died |
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Term
| Great reform bill of 1832 |
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Definition
-came about because of pressure for political participation from growing industrial middle class
-introduced by the Whigs
- lowered property qualifications
-could only vote if you had property, so allowed most upper-middle class men to vote
-redistrubuted electoral districts, giving more voting power to underrepresented cities
-struggle to pass bill let house of commons gain power ofer house of lords |
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