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Definition
WHO: In the Bhagavad Gita, he is the archer who wishes not to fight.
WHERE/WHEN: India, ~2nd Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: He is the main character of the Bhavagad Gita |
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WHO: Hindu Diety
WHERE/WHEN: India, ~2nd Century CE
WHY IMPORTANT: Helps Arjuna durring the battle and basically spells out Hinduism, including the idea of reincarnation and Nirvana |
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WHAT: In Buddhism, the wheel symbolizes the eightfold path or the 12 laws of dependant origination (depending on the corresponding number of spokes)
WHERE/WHEN: India, ______
WHY IMPORTATN: A "Turning of the Wheel" represents a major event in Buddhism (the first turning of the wheel was when Buddha taught his first 5 deciples in the deer park) |
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Who/What: Confucius' idea of "Benevolence" - AKA how to treat others, roles in relationships, etc.
Where/When: China, 500BCE
Why Important: Along with Li and Xiao one of the 3 most important characteristics for the ideal Chinese leader (gentleman)
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WHO: Hebrew King
WHERE/WHEN: Judea, 700's BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: in 701 B.C.E. Isaiah encourages the righteous King Hezekiah to stand firm against King Sennacherib of Assyria. In contrast, Jeremiah warns the sinful King Zedekiah that resistance to Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon is futile. -- AN EXAMPLE OF HOW PROPHETS INFLUENCE POLITICS IN HEBREW SOCIETY |
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Who/What: The book which outlines the fundamental principles of Daoism, written by Laozi
Where/When: China, Zhou Dynasty (500 BCE)
Why Important: The main work of Doaism, a philosophy which continues today. Doaism's basic priciple is that people should take the path of least resistence, like water.
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Who/What: A Chinese philosophy which sought to bring order during the Waring States Period by strict observance of the law. Punishments were swift and harsh, taxes were high, and there was a general fear of the central government. Very Machiavellian.
Where/When: China, Warring States Period
Why Important: Legalism was the most (brutally) efficient system of gov't and it brought the Qin to power, ending the Warring States Period.
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Who/What: One of the greatest Mauryan Kings. Known as The Great.
Where/When: India, 268-232 BCE
Why Important: Created a centralized gov, established the capital at Pataliputra, made trade/travel safe, converted to Budhism and sponsored its spread.
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Definition
WHAT: "the greater vehical" part of Buddhism
WHERE/WHEN: India, 3rd - 1st Centuries BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Buddhism was a religion of salvation... This made it easier to follow (People could be saved by giving donations to the temples rather than actually following the strict tentants of Buddhism) |
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Definition
Who/What: The Capital of the Mauryan Empire, located in Eastern India
Where/When: India, Mid-200s BCE
Why Important: Established by Ashoka the Great, center of his centralized bureacracy
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Definition
Who/What: A state in which one has shed all desire, pain, and suffering.
Where/When: India, 500s BCE
Why Important: Nirvana is the ultimate goal of Budhism. By attaining Nirvana, one has become an enlightened one.
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Who/What: An Indian aristocrat who gave up his life of comfort to ponder the workings of the world in an attempt to rid it of suffering after seeing an old man, a sick man, and a dead man. AKA the Budha
Where/When: Early 500s BCE
Why Important: Founded Budhism, a wide-reaching religion still practiced by millions.
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Definition
WHO: Founder of the Mauryan Empire (United India!)
WHER/WHEN: India, ~320 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Unification of India... Also managed to administrate everything (his successor, Ashoka, did a better job though) |
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Definition
Who/What: The idea that the quality of your "next life" is determined by the net sum of your good and bad deeds.
Where/When: India, Vedic Age
Why Important: A central tennent of Hinduism. Encouraged morality and social order. Supported the caste system by giving hope of (long term) social mobility and encouraging people to live according to their role in society.
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WHAT: The 2nd unified Empire of India
WHERE/WHEN: India, 4th and 5th Centuries CE
WHY IMPORTANT: Created a period of peace and stability that lead to great advancements in sciene and mathematics |
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Definition
Who/What: The center of a Greek city. Contained temple complexes, treasury, and public buildings. Built on top of a hill
Where/When: Greece, ~800-300 BCE
Why Important: Shift of power -> people. Contrast with the Mycenaean model, center at the palace.
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Definition
Who/What: Power which displaced the "original" greeks. Were indoeuropean and millitarily focused. Built palaces
Where/When: Greece, ~1500 BCE (?)
Why Important: Took over all of Greece (mainland and Minoan civ). Were the greeks of The Illiad and The Odyssey.
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WHAT: A political handbook written durring the Mauryan Empire (specifically for Chandra Gupta), written by Kautalya.
WHERE/WHEN: India, 4th Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Outlined methods of administering government, collecting taxes, etc. Also called for the heavy use of spies. |
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Definition
WHAT: Early religion of salvation in India... Were completely nonviolent and vegetarian... Swept ground to not step on bugs, etc.
WHERE/WHEN: India, 6th Century, BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Was one of the first popular alternatives to hinduism... no class/caste differences. Well, it wasn't THAT popular. It was too hard for normal people to follow. |
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Definition
WHAT: The ideal Confucian Gentleman
WHEN: 6th Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: If you were a follower of confucius, you strived to be a Chun Zhu. The importance really lies with confucianism, but I guess we want to get more picky. |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: War among the Greek Poleis in Greece and its colonies. Poleis were divided into two camps, led by Athens and Sparta. Sparta won.
WHERE/WHEN: Greece, 431-404 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Athens lost its reputation as an intellectual center after some atrocities, weakened Greece while Macedon grew strong.
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WHAT: Refers to the populace of a Greek Polis
WHERE/WHEN: Greece
WHY IMPORTANT: (?) |
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Who/What: A great greek mathematician/scientist
Where/When: 287-212 BCE
Why Important: Discovered "indivisibles", law of floating bodies, law of leverage, calculated formulae for many volumes.
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Greek Citizen-Soldier. Named for the shield they carried... usually fought in Phalanx formation
WHERE/WHEN: Greece
WHY IMPORTANT: Paralleled democracy somewhat... They Hoplites had to buy their own equipment, so they had to be rich. Athens (democracy!) used triremes more-- they were manned by the everyman |
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Who/What: Greek mathematician
Where/When: 220-190 BCE
Why Important: Wrote On Conics, a work on conic sections
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Definition
Who/What: A book written by Ptolomy on the movement of the cosmos
Where/When: 150 CE
Why Important: The most important book on Greek astronomy. It proposed a geocentric model which was accepted for 1000 years after it was written.
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Definition
Who/What: A semi-religious group (cult) of mathematicians headed by Pythagorous. They believed that numbers were LITERALLY in everything (e.g. music)
Where/When: Greece, 525 BCE
Why Important:Discovered irrational numbers (and kept it a secret motherfucker, because it went against their worship of simple ratios), pythagorean theorem
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Definition
Who/What: A group of greek scientists who thought everything was made up of combinations of atoms.
Where/When: Greece, 400s BCE
Why Important:Believed that the world was a combination of atoms floating in a void. Impication: no god.
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Definition
Who/What: Greek astronomer and mathematician
Where/When: Greece, 365 BCE
Why Important:Made important advances in astronomy. Invented a geocentric model based on concentric spheres which moved relative to eachother to account for irregular movements of the planets/stars
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Term
Timaeus
WTF MATE WHO THE FUCK IS THIS? |
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Definition
Who/What:
Where/When:
Why Important: |
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Definition
WHAT: A rectangular formation of troops, who usually carry a spear or pike or similar weapon
WHERE/WHEN: Greece
WHY IMPORTANT: (?) It was the bread and butter formation of Greek armies... |
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Definition
WHO: Greek poet and the first economist
WHERE/WHEN: Greece, 8th Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Had a strongly anti-aristocratic agenda |
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Definition
WHAT: Term in archaic greece that refers to the constant feuds between aristocrats that frequently led to civil war.
WHERE/WHEN: Greece, 4th and 5th Centuries BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: A term defined by Thucydides, who wrote a history of the Pelopenisian war |
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Definition
WHO: Female Greek Poet
WHERE/WHEN: Lesbos, Greece; 630 - 570 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Maybe we read some of her stuff? She had a reputation in the ancient world as one of the best lyrical poets. The word lesbian comes from her birth place because she wrote some homoerotic things. |
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Definition
WHAT: A king who has gained power by unconventional means (i.e. not succession, noble birth, or conquest)
WHERE/WHEN: Greece
WHY IMPORTANT: Though tyrant has a negative connotation today, back then it was a neutral term. Some tryants were immensely popular. |
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Definition
WHO: A legendary Spartan Lawmaker
WHERE/WHEN: Sparta 4th Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Laid the law of sparta, creating the militaristic constitution; |
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: The basic unit of the Roman army, made up of heavy infantry called "Miles"
Where/When: Rome, Republican Period
Why Important: More maneuverable and flexible than the phallanx. Could overcome a phalanx by using terrain to their advantage
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WHAT: A small prefecture in the Pelopenese
WHERE/WHEN: Greece
WHY IMPORTANT: Was subjugated by the Spartans. All of its inhabitants became Helots. |
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: Heavy infantry which made up the core of the Roman army
Where/When: Rome, republican period
Why Important:Were organized into legions which were highly flexible and manueverable. This made them capable of dismantling and defeating a phalanx
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: 1/10 of a legion, aka 480 men. Organized after the millitary reforms of Gaius Marius
Where/When: Rome, 107 BCE
Why Important:By breaking the legion into smaller, more tactical units, the Romans increased the efficiency of their army and allowed a greater number of strategies to be used.
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Definition
Who/What: People from Tuscany who dominated Italy before the Romans took over.
Where/When: Italy, 600-400 BCE
Why Important: 1st major Italian power, displaced by Romans in 5th Century BCE
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Definition
Who/What: The center hill of the 7 hills of Rome.
Where/When: Rome, 800s BCE
Why Important: Palatine Hill is the oldest part of Rome. On it are many important buildings, such as palaces for emperors, the Temple to Apollo, and the residences of the aristocratic elite.
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Definition
Who/What: The highest level of Republican Roman government. Consuls were elected yearly and two served at all times. One was a millitary head, the other civil. They ruled together.
Where/When: Rome, Republican Period
Why Important:Were the men with the greatest power in Rome. After the establishment of the Empire, they became figure-heads with little real power.
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Definition
Who/What: The chain of leadership positions which ultimately lead to consulship.
Where/When: Rome, Republican period
Why Important: The order was Quaestor-Aedile-Praetor-Consul-Censor, also Tribune.
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Decicive sea battle durring the 2nd Persian war. The Greeks won
WHERE/WHEN: Agean Sea, 480 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: THey destroyed the Persian Navy. It was a decisive victory that was one of the battle |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Aliance of several Greek Poleis... Led by athens
WHEN: 431 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: A major player in the peloponesian war!! |
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Definition
WHAT: Greek warships; the Athenians had a lot of these
WHERE/WHEN: Greece
WHY IMPORTANT: Paralleled Democracy (see hoplite) |
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Definition
WHO: King of Macedon and Father of Alexander the Great
WHERE/WHEN: Macedon, 382 - 336
WHY IMPORTANT: He overcame the clans to rule Macedon, built a strong army, and conquored Greece. |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Battle between the Forces of Phillip II and the forces of Athens and Thebes. Phillip II wins
WHEN: 338 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Greatest victory of Phillip II. Let him conquor the rest of Greece. |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Slaves of the Spartans; i.e. non spartan citizens living in spartan lands
WHERE/WHEN: Sparta, Hellenistic Age
WHY IMPORTANT: They supported the Spartan citizens economically. Mostly they farmed but were pretty much slaves, not serfs. Also of note, they could be killed by any spartan without consequence every autumn. |
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Term
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Definition
WHO: Athenian lawmaker, wrote the constitution
WHERE/WHEN: Athens, 622 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: All laws were written down (constitution was displayed in public on wood). Death penalty for most crimes-- where the word "Draconian" comes from. |
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Definition
WHO: Athenian Statesman
WHERE/WHEN: Athens, 638 BCE–558 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Great Reformer... Cancels debts, prohibits debt-slavery,increases representation of lower classes in politics. |
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Term
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Definition
WHO: Athenian Tyrant
WHERE/WHEN: Athens, 546-528 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Leader of the mountain party, takes over after solon |
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Definition
WHO: Another noble Athenian
WHERE/WHEN: Athens, 508 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Overthrew Peisistratus, then established the Democracy |
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Definition
WHO: Athenian Politician/General
WHERE/WHEN: Athens, 524–459 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Important in the 1st Persian invasion... Battle of Marathon. |
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: The rich, upper class of Rome
Where/When: Rome, Republican Period
Why Important: Dominated social and political life in Rome. Caused tensions as the Patrician class gained more economic and political power at the expense of the Plebians. This lead to several reforms which attempted to balance the power.
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Definition
Who/What: The lower class in Rome. Consisted of the masses of urban poor.
Where/When: Rome, Republican period
Why Important: Were a constant source of unrest in Rome. Eventually gained some power by breaking into the senatorial class. However, didn't help MUCH in the long term.
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: A mediterainian state which came into conflict with Rome over Sicily
Where/When: North Africa, 3th Century BCE
Why Important: Romans started the Punic wars with Carthage. They eventually won and absolutely demolished Carthage. Hannibal gave them a run for their money though.
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Definition
WHO: Greek Tyrant
WHERE/WHEN: Greek colonies on the Thracian Chersonese
WHY IMPORTANT: Served as another General in the battle of Marathon durring the 1st Persian invasion |
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Term
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Definition
WHO: A spartan king, fought in the battle of Thermopole (300)
WHERE/WHEN: Sparta, 480 BCE (Death)
WHY IMPORTANT: Fought in the battle of Thermopole, which slowed the Persian advance |
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Term
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Definition
WHO: Persian King, invaded Greece as retribution for earlier persian losses at Marathon, and their involvement in the Ionian revolts.
WHERE/WHEN: Persia, 480 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Although he was unsuccessful, he started the 2nd persian invasion (?) which was a big deal |
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Term
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Definition
WHO: The Great, King of Persia
WHERE/WHEN: Persia, 558 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Greatly expanded the empire, also let Jews be, which was very nice of him (The "Cyrus Declaration") |
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: Carthaginian General who gave the Romans quite the run for their money in the 2nd Punic War
Where/When: Rome, 218-202 BCE
Why Important: This was the low point for Rome in the Punic Wars. Hannibal invaded Italy over the Alps WITH MOTHERFUCKING ELEPHANTS. |
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: Roman General who fought during the Punic Wars with Carthage
Where/When: Rome, 218-202 BCE
Why Important: He was the ONLY general who was able to stop Hannibal and his invasion of Italy
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: The first of 3 wars between Rome and Carthage. Rome wins.
Where/When: Rome, 264-241 BCE
Why Important: When Rome beats the Carthaginians, they imposed a heavy reparations and a strict treaty. This upsets the Carthaginians, provoking Hannibal to attack Saguntum. This is the direct cause of the Second Punic War.
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Definition
Who/What: A major battle during the 2nd Punic War and a massive defeat for the Romans, despite their superior numbers.
Where/When: Italy, 216 BCE
Why Important: Hannibal's victory is considered one of the greatest millitary feats in history. This battle rocked Roman confidence and was its greatest loss in terms of number dead.
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: Territories conquered by Rome. Rome's first provinces were won in the punic wars, many others soon followed.
Where/When: The Mediterrainian, throughout Roman history
Why Important: Rome was constantly seeking new provinces. They paid tribute and contributed to the Roman economy. Conquered provinces were allowed to keep many of their customs and governments, and the population could often gain Roman citizenship.
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: The Roman senatorial faction, opposed by the Populares, which was traditionalist and favored the aristocratic classes.
Where/When: Rome, 1st Century BCE
Why Important: The Optimates tried to keep power away from the Plebians. They stripped the assemblies of their power and opposed generals who tried to gain too much power (Ceasar).
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Definition
Who/What: The senatorial faction in opossition to the Optimates. They represented the average people of Rome. They sought to increase the power of the plebians and take power away from the rich aristocrats
Where/When: Rome, 1st Century BCE
Why Important: The most important Populare was General Marius, who redistributed the land, recruited soldiers from the landless poor, and limited the power of the senate.
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Term
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Definition
WHO: Athenian Statesman and Leader of the Delian Leauge
WHERE/WHEN: Athens, 495 – 429 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Created a period of prosperity for Athens, expanded the Delian League and turned it into an Athenian Empire |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Revolt of the Ionian Colonies, which were Greek at the time, but ruled by the Persians. Greeks come to help out.
WHERE/WHEN: Ionia, 500-494 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Turned into a war between Greeks and Perians, Kicked off the Persian Wars. |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Better known as Marseille, France
WHERE/WHEN: Greece -> France (Gaul)
WHY IMPORTANT: It was one of the larger, more famous, and more successful Greek Colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: General and politician. Was a populare and was elected to 6 consecutive consulships. Eventually raised an army and took Rome.
Where/When: Rome, 1st Century BCE
Why Important: As consul, redistributed the land, recruited soldiers from the landless poor, raised a personal army. Eventually took and occupied Rome by force.
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: A Roman General who became an Optimate. Marched on Rome and occupied it twice. Appointed himself dictator for life, then retired, giving power back to the senate.
Where/When: Rome, 1st Century
Why Important: Was the rival of Marius. As dictator for life, repealed social reform. Was the first general to march on Rome, not the last.
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: A Roman General. Struggled with Maruis, Sulla, Ceasar, and Pompey for power over Rome.
Where/When: Rome, 1st Century BCE
Why Important: Formed the First Triumvirate (an unofficial alliance between Caeser, Crassus, and Pompey). Crassus' death ended the alliance and eventually put Caeser and Pompey in direct conflict, leading to Caeser's takeover of Rome.
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Definition
Who/What: A Roman General who took power in Rome during the struggle for power between Caeser, Pompey, Sulla, and Crassus. Was at first associated with the popular movement, drifted towards the Optimates later on.
Where/When: Rome, 1st Century BCE
Why Important: Pompey was the last standing along with Caeser. He held power in Rome for some time before Caeser took Rome with the Crossing of the Rubicon in 49 BCE.
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Definition
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Definition
Who/What: A Roman General associated with the Popular movement. Took Rome in the 49 BCE. Appointed himself Dictator for Life and held that post until his assassination by the senate in 44 BCE.
Where/When: Rome, 1st Century BCE
Why Important: The first true Emperor of Rome. Enacted various social reforms including the resettlement of soldiers.
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Term
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Definition
WHO: Emperor of Persia, great conqueror and administrator
WHERE/WHEN: Persia, 6th Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Divides empire into Satrapies, introduces new taxes and coinage, builds roads, builds Perisopolis, tolleration for conquered peoples |
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: Son of Mark Antony, defeated Caeser's assassins and split the Empire between himself and his father. Octavian took the West, Antony took the East. Later, he took the whole thing and became Augustus Caeser.
Where/When: Rome, 42 BCE
Why Important: As Emperor, Augustus officially ended the Repubic. He kept all the possitions and ensured that all the senators were well taken care of, but he held ALL the power. He created peace in the land.
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Capital city of Persia, starting under Darius The Great
WHERE, WHEN: Persia, 6th Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Center of art, culture, and administration for the empire |
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: A Populare and brother of Gauis Gracchus. He was murdered along with his brother by Optimate senators.
Where/When: Rome, 2nd Century BCE
Why Important: Proposed/enacted many reforms including land redistribution.
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: An Egyptian god and the focus of the Cult of Isis, a so-called "Mystery Religion"
Where/When: Rome, 1st Century BCE
Why Important: The Cult of Isis was the most popular religion of salvation before the rise of Christianity. The popularity of this and other similar cults helps explain the success of Christianity.
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Term
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Definition
WHO: Persian Emperor and Great adminstrator
WHERE/WHEN: Persia, 6th Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Great conqueror and adminstrator, divided the empire into Satrapies, introduced new taxes and coinage, built perisopolis, built lots of roads |
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Term
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Definition
Who/What: Plato's Theory of Forms. The theory states that abstract "forms" (ideas) contain the highest level of truth, not the physical and tactile experiences/observations of man.
Where/When: Greece, 4th Century BCE
Why Important: The theory of forms represents one of the most important philosophical theories... ever. It is part of the first attempts to rationalize the world through reason, not religion. Greek philosophy is the first philosophy that stands completely independent of religion.
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Battle durring the 1st Persian invasion (Greeks won)
WHERE/WHEN: Greece (Marathon), 490 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Marked the end of the first (unsuccessful) persian invasion. Later Xerxies would take revenge for the loss (the 2nd persian invasion) |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: The final land battle of the 2nd Persian invasion
WHERE/WHEN: Greece, 479 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Was a decisive victory for the Greeks, and ended the persian invasion. |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Battle between the forces of Alexander the Great and those of Darius III of persia
WHERE/WHEN: Persia, 331 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Alexander wins a massive victory; marks the end of the Achaemenid Empire |
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Term
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Definition
WHO: One of Alexander's most trusted Generals; later, ruler of so called Ptolemeic Egypt
WHERE/WHEN: Egypt, 367 BCE—283 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Ruled Egypt, has his own era named after him.... After Alexander's death, the empire got divided. He got Egypt and the surrounding areas. |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Empire resulting from the division of Alexander's conquests. Went from Messopotamia to India, but the eastern provinces were soon lost
WHERE/WHEN: See above, 3rd and 4th centuries BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: It isn't really, except that it was sort of a new empire and stuff |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Walls were constructed from Athens to its ports
WHERE/WHEN: Athens, durring the Peloponesian Wars
WHY IMPORTANT: The Athenians' strength was their navy, and the walls insured a link to the sea. They could not be besieged by the spartans by land alone. The spartans did eventually destroy the walls and take over Athens, however |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Style of pottery used by the Greeks... Red figures on a black background
WHERE/WHEN: Greece, 6th - 3rd centuries BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: It replaced black figure pottery, which is black figures on a red background. Shows the fine arts of the Greeks. |
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Definition
WHO: Playright in ancient Greece
WHERE/WHEN: Greece 524 BCE – 456 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Father of tradegy... His works also represent great art of the Greeks |
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Definition
WHO: Playright in ancient Greece
WHERE/WHEN: Greece, 446 – 386 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Father of comedy... His works also represent great art of the Greeks |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Rhetoricitians of Ancient Greece
WHERE/WHEN: 5th Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Were the enemies of the philosophers. They focused on convincing people through rhetoric, rather than finding absolute truth through rational thought. |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Places where students learned philosophy
WHEN: 5th Century BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: All the great philosophers taught at academies and gained a following there... The vessel of learning philosophy |
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Term
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Definition
WHAT: Acedemy founded by Aristotle; today it can mean any kind of school
WHERE/WHEN: Greece, 334 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT: Was a center of Aristotelian thought... |
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Term
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Definition
WHO: Greek philosopher (the first, I believe)
WHERE/WHEN: Greece, 469 BC–399 BCE
WHY IMPORTANT:Does not take pay for teaching, develops "Socratic" interrogation, Troubled by the Sophists' emphasis on rhetoric, and its ability to present the false as true. e. Searches for bedrock unchanging truth, Suspicious of Democracy with its competing claims for truth.
Also, he like, invented philosophy |
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Who/What: A greek historian. Wrote History of the Peloponesian War.
Where/When: Greece, 400s BCE
Why Important: Considered the Father of History. Wrote scientifically, only wrote about interactions between men. Never talked about intervention by the Gods.
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Who/What: Term invented by Aristophanes which means: someone who uses rhetoric and plays on prejudices to convince people of lies.
Where/When: Greece, 400s BCE
Why Important: I have no goddamned idea
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Who/What: A roman general and politician praised for his frugality and discipline. He eventually became consul of Rome.
Where/When: Rome, 200 BCE
Why Important: Was the subject of a biography by Plutarch. Plutarchs praises and criticisms of Cato give insight into the ideal Roman leader.
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Who/What: The persian deity of the Cult of Mithras. The cult was popular in Rome and was exclusive to men.
Where/When: Rome, 5th Century BCE
Why Important: Was a religion of Salvation. Its popularity along with the popularity of other religions of salvation help explain the sucess of Christianity.
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Who/What: You better bloody well know who
Where/When: Jarusalem, 1 AD
Why Important: Started a religion of salvation called Christianity. You may have heard of it. It a couple of long term effects on the West and the world as a whole.
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Who/What: Paul of Tarsus, AKA Paul the Apostle. Wrote part of the Bible (letters such as Corinthians). Traveled to all corners of the world to convert the masses.
Where/When: Rome, 1st Century AD
Why Important: His writings had a profound effect on Christianity. He opened Christianity up to all people willing to accept Jesus, not just Jews.
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Who/What: Roman Emperor who converted the empire to Christianity
Where/When: Roman Emprire, 3rd Century CE
Why Important: Converted the Roman empire to Christianity. Somewhat ambiguous as to whether he ever actually fully converted himself. However, made Christianity the official State religion.
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Who/What: "Roman Peace". An era of relative peace and non-expansion by the empire.
Where/When: Rome, 1st-3rd Centuries CE
Why Important: Allowed for the developement of technology, roads, aqaducts, etc. Also allowed for safer trade on the mediterrainian and over land. This leads to greater regional specialization (Greece = wine and olive oil, etc.) and therefore great prosperity. The City of Rome grew to yet unreached heights.
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Who/What: Great, expansive plantations owned by wealthy aristocrats and worked by slaves or oppressed peasants.
Where/When: Rome, Republican period
Why Important: Caused a lot of problems as the landless poor began gaining influence in the senate. The Populares represented their plight and fought with the Optimates over land redistribution and reform.
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Who/What: Climactic sea battle between Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra
Where/When: The Mediterrainian Sea, 31 BCE
Why Important: Octavian's victory allowed him to consolidate power in Rome and take the title "Augustus". This is generally considered the official end of the Republic.
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Who/What: A work by the Greek writer Xenophon. Gives his account of his millitary adventure
Where/When: Greece, 4th Century
Why Important: Really don't know. The lecture notes say "a sign for the future of Greek military dominance." I really don't know why this is, but I guess I'll take it.
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Time for a study Break!
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Now get back to work!
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