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The first roman emperor to convert to christianity.
Established christianity as the primary religion of the empire.
Established Constantinople as the seat of power and made many reforms such as seperating civic and military authority.
Widely considered the founder of the Byzantine empire. |
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| The treaty that ended the war for succession between the 3 heirs of Louis the pious after his death. It ended the war by dividing Charlemaign's empire evenly between the three of them. Signed in 843 |
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| Roman federates in what is now the Balkins. Treated poorly by local roman people, often wound up selling children into slavery for food. Rebeled against the empire and defeated the roman army in 378 AD. In 410 they sack rome itself. |
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| One of the early germanic kings to convert to trinitarian Christianity as opposed to arian christianity. king of the franks, Clovis unites the tribes under his rule and spread the influence of the church after his wife convinced him to convert. |
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| Catholic pope around 1000 AD. Extensively used papal authority to conduct reforms and was not necessarily liked for it during his lifetime. Disputed with the holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV. Established the dominance of the pope over the Holy Roman Emperor. |
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| A Frankish military leader and statesman who led military campaigns in an effort to establish the Franks as the undisputed masters of all Gaul. He also halted the islamic advance into western europe by his victory at the battle of tours. Credited with founding the middle ages and playing a pivotal role in the advent of feudalism and knighthood. |
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| An early christian theologian. Author of The City of God which was written around the time of the sack of Rome by the Visigoths. He proposed that Rome wasn't eternal and that the only eternal city was the city of God. Claimed that nothing we could do in our lives would be as eternal as the city of god, the one true city. |
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| An abbey in the east of france that was noteable for its rather strict adherance to the rule of st. benidict. considered a model for western monasticism. |
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| Considered the founder of western monasticism, he established many monastaries and wrote the rule of st benidict. This had all the rules and guidelines for his monks to follow. it was very popular and adopted almost completely across all of europe. |
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| "The power behind the throne" The mayor of the palace was the leader of the household of the frankish king. Later evolved into the power behind the throne as the mayors of the palace began to get more powerful till one actually deposed the king and was crowned in his place. |
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| The last actual attempt to conquer the holy land, the fourth crusade ended in disaster when the crusaders, instead of conquering the holy city of jerusalem, conquered the orthadox christian city of constantinople. They were eventually pushed out of constantinople by remaining factions, but this contributed to the decline of the byzantine empire and of christianity in the near east. |
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| A thing used for foot support when riding a horse. Helpful to armored knights and any sort of horse archer. It enabled horseback combat throughout the middle ages. |
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| A movement that applied spiritual sanctions in an effort to limit the violence committed during warfare. Fighters are not to involve non-combatants or cause them any harm. this included women, children, clergy, and anyone else not involved in fighting. |
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| A different take on christianity that proclaims that jesus is a seperate and subordinate entity to god. This was spread among many of the germanic tribes initially and was considered heresy by the mainstream trinitarian christians. |
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| An early christian apostle, he was both a jew and a roman which allowed him to cater to both jewish and roman audiences. Wrote a significant portion of the old testament. |
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| King of france, ruler when the rivalry between the french and the english began. also ruler when notre-dame was being built and when the university of france was founded. |
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| A statesman who served under Theodoric during his time as king of the ostrogoths. A writer as well. |
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| The parcel of land that a ruler gives to a vassal binding the vassal to the ruler in exchange for an oath of fealty. This was the main element of feudalism, in the middle ages, land parcels given from rulers to underlings. |
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| Ruler of normandy, managed to conquer england and then struggled to consolidate his hold on his territory. He was an illigitimate son and thus had some trouble when his rule first began. |
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| Another attempt to reconquer the holy city of jerusalem. Saladin was in opposition of this crusade. It was largely successful in that it reversed much of saladin's conquest, but it was unsuccessful in that it didnt retake the city of jerusalem itself. |
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| A scholar from york, he was invited by charlemaign to come to his court and be a teacher. Taught many of the dominant intellectuals of the era, eventually became abbot of tours and remained there till his death. |
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| Became a senator by age 25, eventually imprisoned and executed by Theodoric because he was suspected of conspiring against him. while imprisoned he wrote the consolation of philosophy discussing the issues of fortune and death. |
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| A series of legislative acts emenating from the carolingan and merovingian dynasties. |
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| Pope known for his writings, often called the father of christian worship because he spent a lot of time revising the roman worship of his time. |
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| A person who has entered into a feudal relationship with a lord or king. This was how the heirarchy was established in the middle ages. Many knights and lesser lords were vassals to the king. |
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