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- elected as consul in 63 B.C.
- perfect for people who lost hope & needed a hero
- his top wish was for pepole to like him
- spent 1/2 of his consulship writing a book about how to fix the problems of the republic: Cicero's Republic: "common sense of all right-thinking men": people disappointed
- on the run, he was arrested & executed
*not part of the "Augustan Age" but the "Golden Age"
- Roman wisdom & gravity + Greek thought & artistic style |
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Eclogues: "countryside" poetry + religious themes
Gregorics: straightforward farming advice, religable & full of homely energy
- Augustus noticed & liked Virgil's writing - both hoping for a new age of peace
Aeneid: a religous historical epic in which the Trojan Aeneas finds he has been destined to travel into the unknown West & found Rome |
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- wrote a long exploration fo Rome's chronicled past, triying to bring to light what real Roman qualities made the Republic work for so long
- like Augustus, Livy felt that the Roman world had come very near death during the Civil War years, & wanted to understand the old roots again |
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| - generally kept to the quieter corners of the Augustan world (not much state religious poetry): his poetry was short, thoughtful, punchy, & dry; his political advice was calm, detached, & a little ironic |
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| - cared little for the feel of the Augustan Age: tended to write "thrillers" w/ an artistic Greek flavor (e.g. Metamorphoses), or loud, bawdy comedy (w/ which he offended Augustus) |
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| Pliny the Elder (A.D. 23-97) |
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| - an senator & cavalry officer: left behind a huge, disorganized "encyclopedia" of assorted Roman learning |
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| Pliny the Younger (A.D. 61-113) |
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- nephew of Pliny the Elder
- famous orator & lawyer, consul under Trajan; published letters between him Trajan and others which were full of details & color on the business and gov't of the early empire |
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| - Greek aristocrat: the biographer of the early empire |
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| - a moody, brilliant, paranoid political historian under Domitian (was a senator): book on what Rome would face when it moved into Germany (armies led by Trajan) |
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- "Imperial Secretary" under Trajan, director of the Imperial library under Hadrian
- went on to be come successful, using these archives to write a series of spicy, short biographies, including the Lives of the 12 Caesars |
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