Term
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Definition
| Still being observed in the shrinkage of the Tethys sea and the movement of the micro-continents of Madagascar and the Seychelles Islands |
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Term
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Definition
| The break up of Pangea caused this sea to be almost completely covered by India and to be swallowed by the Indian Ocean. All that remains is the Mediterranean sea |
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Term
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Definition
| Was once a super continent, broke along the rift to become India and Africa. About 175 million years ago. A piece of India broke off and was left behind-became Madagascar. A small piece of Madagascar broke off and be came Seychelles Islands |
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Term
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Definition
| Plates colliding and one going beneath another. Evidence of this is volcanos, seismic readings, and earthquakes. Evidence shows the Earth is shrinking |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory that earth, like the entire universe is expanding. In this theory there is no subduction, earthquakes are caused by the mantle expanding. It is suggested that gravity is weakening, which is why the earth is expanding. There is no evidence of this. |
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Term
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Definition
| The temperature and precipitation and wind of today/ this week. Recent occurrences and measurements |
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Term
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Definition
| Temperature and land habits observed over a long period of time. |
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Term
| Why we should understand Climate |
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Definition
-Controls the distribution of life forms
-Controls the intensity of weathering and erosion
-effects sea level |
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Term
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Definition
| THe balance between incoming and outgoing heat from the sun. |
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Term
| Reflection (albedo) and absorbtion |
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Definition
| Heat that enters the ozone layer is largely reflected by ice sheets and clouds (high albedo) and is reflected slightly by the oceans and forests (low albedo). Ocean absorbs light in the form of heat, Plants absorb it and use it for photosynthesis |
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Term
| Variations in the Heat Budget |
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Definition
-How intense (solar intensity) and how bright (solar luminosity) the sun is
-various elements of the earth's orbit like obliquity (tilt), precession (angle of axis) and eccentricity (sometimes oval, sometimes circular).
-Greenhouse gasses: Watervapor (30-70%), Carbon dioxide (30-40%), and methane (4-9%).
-Albedo: Accumulation of gasses in the atmosphere can have an albedo effect e.g. volcanic ash in the atmosphere can reflect heat, causing the earth to cool. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1883, inspired the painting "the scream" by Eduard Munch |
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Term
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Definition
| Not necessarily a bad thing. If too much heat escaped, the earth would be too cold for life |
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Term
| Wet Vs. Dry; Cool Vs. Warm |
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Definition
Wet and dry=cold=90 degrees N
wet and cool=cool temperate=60 degrees N
warm and dry=arid=30 degrees N
warm and wet= tropical=0 degrees N (equator)
Warm temperate is in the middle of all of it. |
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Term
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Definition
In Warm and Wet: Bauxite (aluminum rich soils), Coal (Fossils), Laterite (iron rich soils)
In Warm and Dry: Evaporates (produced by evaporation, salt) and Calcrete (carbonate cements
in soil)
In Cool Wet:Tillite (glacial Till)
In Cool Dry: Glendonite (Calcium carbonate stable at 0-7 degrees C), Dropstones: boulders transported to water by sheets of ice, tillite
In Warm Temperate: Kaolinte (clay mineral), crocodiles) |
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Term
| Transportation of Heat by Ocean and Atmosphere |
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Definition
| Moving currents of air and water distribute heat across the globe. Were this not the case, the poles would be colder and the equator hotter. |
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Term
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Definition
Where air pressure is low, high air pressure tries to move to the low pressure areas. Because the earth is continually rotating when the air collides it deflects each other, creating a constant air rotation.
Rotation of air is opposite in both hemisperes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Together wind currents and convection distribute warm water across the globe |
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Term
| Role of Plate Tectonics on the Climate |
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Definition
| When the plates move the move the continents, which move the oceans. When the oceans are moved the air circulation and distribution change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Climate changed continuously during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic time periods. |
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Term
| What conditions favored deposition of Luann Salt during the Jurassic Period |
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Definition
1. A restricted ocean basic
2. Arid Climate |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms are classified by whether and how they make food, and whether and how the consume food. Producers vs. Consumers |
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Term
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Definition
| Requiring only energy to produce food |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Photosynthesis: Carbon Dioxide +water +sunlight =Carbohydrate and oxygen gas
Chemosynthesis: Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen and energy from chemical reactions=carbohydrate, methane and water
Consumers require respiration (the production of energy) Carbohydrate and oxygen=carbon dioxide, water and energy |
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Term
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Definition
Karyon: with nucleus
Procaryote: no nucleus e.g. bacteria: archeaobacteria: old bacteria; Eubacteria: "true bacteria" important part of food chain, producers and consumers
Cyanobacteria: "blue-green" photosynthesizers
Eukaryote: has a true nucleus e.g. plants, fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| Producers: photosynthesizers, multicellular; |
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Term
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Definition
-vascular or nonvascular
-spores or seeds
-flowers or no flowers
-non-vascular, spores: mosses
-Vascular, spores-ferns
-vascular, seeds- no flowers
-gymnosperms: naked seeds- pine needles
-vascular seeds: flowers-angiosperm:vessel seed |
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Term
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Definition
| Multicellular, consumers only |
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Term
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Definition
| Sponges, corals, worms, arthropods, mollusks, bryozoans, echinoderms |
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Term
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Definition
| Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| Everything else (not invertebrate or vertebrates) |
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Term
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Definition
| Photosynthesize, algae, dinoflagellites, diatoms (silicate), coccoliths (calcium carbonate shells); Most are uni-cellular, but some are multi-cellular or "simple cellular" e.g. seaweed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consumers: feed mainly on plant-like protists, amoeba, forums, radiolaria (silica) |
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Term
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Definition
| every level of a food chain is called a "trophic level" |
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Term
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Definition
| building block for organic matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| autotrophs use nutrients and sunlight to produce plants; herbivores eat plants; carnivores eat herbivores, decomposers break down carnivores |
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Term
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Definition
| That which surrounds us; includes temperature, water, chemistry of atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| those which occupy the same general area of environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of species which occupy a given community |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is it physically, what does it do that is unique, is it a consumer or producer |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of fossil records; the remains of ancient life |
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Term
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Definition
| Hard parts, soft parts, permineralization, sometimes there are molds or casts, trace fossils, biomarkers (chemical residue) |
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Term
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Definition
Living organism
death
biodegrades |
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Term
| Taxonomy: Classification of Organisms |
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Definition
| Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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Term
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Definition
| Break off of different species in the geologic record |
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Term
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Definition
| Branches: share a common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
-Proterozoic: begins with Eukaryotes form and ends with Oxygen in the atmosphere
-Archean: begins with Eubacteria and ends with the oldest known fossils
-Hadean: begins with the sun form and ends with the oldest rocks |
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Term
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Definition
15-18 Billion years old
Age is based on evolution of stars
our galaxy is less than 10 billion
Sun formed by the collapse of a super nova and created a solar nebula
Gasses became liquids, liquids became solids
Solids interact and become larger bodies
Solid grains, asteroids, planets: 50 solar nebulae condensed into the sun and planets |
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Term
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Definition
15-18 Billion years old
Age is based on evolution of stars
our galaxy is less than 10 billion
Sun formed by the collapse of a super nova and created a solar nebula
Gasses became liquids, liquids became solids
Solids interact and become larger bodies
Solid grains, asteroids, planets: 50 solar nebulae condensed into the sun and planets |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The oldest known mineral grains |
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Definition
4.1 BY
Mineral: zircon: zerconion silicate; uranium dating, very rugged
Rocks:Oldest continental crust, Acosta Formation in Canada 4.1 BY |
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