Neutrophils make up what percentage of WBC count?

What is the shape of the nucleus?

What is the size of neutrophil?

When are their numbers increased/active?

60-70%

multilobed

6-10 microns

during a bacterial infection/phagocytose bacteria creating bacteria

What are the size of eosinophil?

what percentage of WBC does this make up?

What is the shape of the nucleus?

What does the secretory granules look like at light level & TEM?

What are the functions of the primary and secrotory granules?

12 microns

4%

bilobed

at light level secrotory granules are orange/pinkish and at TEM they look like cats eyes due to major basic protein

-primary granules reduce inflam response by phagocytosis of antigen/antibody complex

-secrotory granules destroy parasitic worms w/major basic protein

what is the percentage of WBC does basophil make up?

What is the shape of nucleus?

What is the size of a basophil?

What is the origin or basophils?

What does a basophil resemble in function and appearance?

What kind of secretion does a basophil have?

1%

S shaped or twisted

12 microns

UNKNOWN

resembles mast cell b/c of very dark specific granules that release histamine in response to inflammatory response and hypersentitivy rxns

(electron dense secretory granules)

regulated secretion

What is the size of a monocyte?

What percentage does a monocyte make up?

What are the nuclei shaped like?

What does the cytoplasm look like?

What is the function of a monocyte?

-largest of WBC 16-20 microns

-3-8%

eccentric kidney shaped nuclei

-uniform/clear blue cytoplasm

-to give rise to macrophages

(secondary antigen presenting cell)

What are the second most numberous WBC?

What are the sizes of lymphocytes?

Does the nucleus take up most of the cytoplasm?

What are the two types of lymphocytes and when do you see each one?

lymphocytes

8-10 microns

yes nucleus takes up most of cytoplasm, thin rim of clear blue

B lymphocytes-antibody mediated (humoral-chem)

T lymphocytes-cell mediated

Where are B cells educated?

What type of immunity is this?

Do they contain rER?

What type of secretion does a B cell have?

educated in bone marrow

antibody mediated immunity

yes full of rER so make proteins

constitutive secretion of antibodies

Where do T cells arise from?

Where are they educated?

What type of immunity do you find T lymphocytes in?

What are T cell responsible for forming and facilitating the formation of?

arise in bone marrow

educated in thymus

cell mediated immunity again virus infected cells or host graft rejection

for cytokines and facilitate formation of the humoral mediated response (antibody)

what are the size of platelets?

what are their shape?

what are they considered?

what is their life span?

what is the average count of platelets?

what are their function?

2-4 microns

disk shaped

non-nucleated cells "fragments"

10 days/less

200,000-400,000

limit hemorrhage and inflammation

1) activation- "find injury"

2) adhesion- adhere to injury

3) aggregation- adhere to each other

What is the origin of platelets?

Where are they located?

what is the nucleus of this cell like?

how are platelets shed from these cells?

megakaryocytes

in the bone marrow

huge multilobed nuclei

platelets shed off as DEMARCATION CHANNELS get pushed to edge and sloughed off

What are the 3 roles of red marrow?

Is red marrow active?

Can yellow/resting marrow become red marrow?

What type of CT do you find in red marrow?

1) recycling Fe

2) produce/store cells

3) removal of "aged" cell from bld

yes cellularly active

yes yellow can become red marrow if need to

RETICULAR tissue for support (stroma)

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

calor-heat

rubor-redness

tumor-swell

dolor-pain

functio laesa-loss of function

1) connective tissue- this is primary response takes place b/c this is where we find bld vessels and WBC (can affect the epithelium)

2) bld/lymph vessels

3) WBC's

What are the 3 essential features of inflammation?

1) hyperemia- increase bld flow to are increasing heat and redness (calor/rubor)

2) exudation- protein rich fluid from bld to tissue causing swelling and pain (tumor/dolor)*if bad enough can lose function

3) emigration of WBC's- diapedesis due to chemotaxis

CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

What are the vascular changes in response to closed injury- Hyperia?

Initial response?

Response 1?

Response 2?

Response 3?

What does it overlap?

vasocontriction- causing white line

flush- capillary dilation (dull red line)

flare- arteriolar dialation (irregular zone of redness)

Weal- increase vessel permeability (edema)

overlaps with exudation

What are general mediators of exudation?

(short and long term)

Release of chemical mediators- MAST Cells release histamine which increases vessel leakiness (short term)

Bradykinin- increase vessel permeability, long term and ass w/ pain

*acts like histamine after histamine wears off

edema, swelling (tumor,dulor)

1)increase protein rich fluid in tissues to dilute toxins

2) increase proteins in tissue

*antibodies: host defense

*fibrinogen- clot formation & wound healing

lymphatic capillaries take up extra fluid

1) mast cells

2) WBC chemotactants

3) Diapedisis

What are the stages of resolution of acute inflammation?

Factors favoring resolution?

1) injury causing agent removed

2) healing

3) restoration of normal

Factors: rapid removal of causitive agent

minimal death and damage

favorable local conditions= adequate bld & lymphatic vessels and adequate # of functioning WBC's