Term
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Definition
Virus utilizes axonal transport for travel to site of replication and release. Virus is transmitted through saliva after a bite from an animal. Virus replicates in muscle tissue and then utilizes axonal transport (fast retrograde) for travel to site of release. Anterograde transport is utilized to infect new victim, after hiding in peripheral nerve that is innervating salive glands. Negri and lyssa bodies-eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. Symptoms include:
flu-like; hypersensitivity;
hallucinations; muscle
spasms; excess salivation;
encephalitis (clinical)
Clinical stage g only 6
known survivors in US |
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Term
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Definition
progressive neurologic disorder due to loss of dopaminergic neurons.
Progressive neurological disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, and an increase in glial cells and Lewy bodies (accumulation of neurofilaments & a-synuclein).
Loss of dopaminergic neurons; loss of pigmentation; increase
in glial cells; Lewy bodies (accumulation of NF & a-synuclein);
relieving symptoms, embryonic neuron transplantation, surgery,
implanted electrodes |
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Term
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Definition
immotile cilia in the ependymal cells.
disorder with immotile cilia on ependymal cells causing a build-up of CSF. water” on the brain
Accumulation of CSF in brain ventricles leading
to pressure on the brain
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
estimates 1:500 children affected
Can be due to blockage (e.g. tumor) that prevents normal
flow of CSF within the brain (immotile cilia also observed)
Treatment:
Direct – remove blockage
Indirect – surgical implantation of a shunt to divert
CSF to peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
CNS demyelination. CNS demyelination of nerve axons. Characterized by distinct episodes of neurologic deficits such as unilateral vision impairment; loss of cutaneous sensation; lack of muscle movement/coordination; loss of bladder/bowel control. Attacks myelin in CNS
myelin detaches from axon & is destroyed
Loss of oligodendrocytes (no myelin produced)
Chemical changes in myelin g irregular myelin &
formation of multiple plaques in white matter
Usually characterized by distinct episodes of
neurologic deficits
unilateral vision impairment; loss of
cutaneous sensation; lack of muscle movement/
coordination; loss of bladder/bowel control
Treatment: decrease immune response (IFN, adrenal
steroids, immunosuppressive drugs)
IN US affects 400,000 people; 200 diagnosed/week |
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Term
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Definition
| PNS demyelination of nerve axons. Characterized by loss of amplitude due to axonal damage; and a decrease in nerve conduction velocity due to demyelination. |
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Term
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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Definition
| (Lou Gherig's Disease). Progressive degeneration of motor neurons of brain stem and spinal cord. Life expectancy is 2-5 years from time of diagnosis. |
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Term
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Definition
neurofibrillar tangles (IF). Progressive cortical dementia affecting language, memory,
vision, and emotion/personality. This is due to mutations in presenilin 1/2 & b-amyloid precursor. Accumulation of neurofibrillar tangles (IF) and large form of b-amyloid peptide & formation of amyloid plaques lead to the disruption of Ca2+ regulation, which leads to neuron death. |
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Term
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Definition
| degeneration of cholinergic & GABA-ergic neurons due to CAG repeats. |
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Term
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease |
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Definition
| spongiform encephalopathy due to misfolding of PrP; cerebellar degeneration. |
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