What happened when settlers pushed west, past the 100^th Meridian and 20-inch rain per year line, and developed a method of dry farming, which would lead to what?

It was more difficult to grow crops.

this lead to Dust Bowls

What happened to towns, cities and land that were skipped over from railroad developments?

What happened on November 18^th, 1883, due to the railroads?

What were the Indian Wars and when did it occur?

Battle at Sand Creek (Colorado) - November 29^th, 1864

- The Fetterman Massacre (Montana) – December 6^th, 1866

1) Who was Louis Sullivan?

2) what began appearing in 1885?

1)  Famed architect  from Chicago  

2) skyscrapers  in Chicago

1) Why was city life alluring?

2)  what were some of the problems?

1)  electric lights and telephone

2) - Poor sanitation, health and morale

   - Filthy, diseases, noisy and smelly

                         - Unwashed bodies

                         - Lots of trash/garbage, contaminated water, poor sewage system

                         - Horse urine/manure

                          - Massive crime

                          - Criminals were everywhere

Who waved the bloody shirt and why?

- Republicans 

- This was the reviving of gory memories from Civil War

What are examples of the Era of Good Stealings?

Tweed Ring” and Credit Mobilier

1)What did Alfred Thayer Mahan do

2) and what was the impact?

1) wrote a book 

The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783

2) it Impacted assistant secretary of U.S. Navy

  Theodore Roosevelt

1) Who was John Hay?

2) and what did he do in regards to China?

1) He was Secretary of State In 1899

2) It urged all nations to keep China open to trade

Who wrote a thesis stating that America needed a frontier, as America became more democratic the further it moved west?

From 1858 to 1886, who led the Apache tribes of Arizona and New Mexico in rebellion?

Geronimo

Who was the ex-slave from the South that believed African-Americans should help themselves before gaining more rights?

In 1877, who said “From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever”?

Who was the first African-American to get PHD from Harvard and demanded complete equality for African-Americans?

What were the parts of the Homestead Act of 1862?

- Farmers could receive as much as 160 acres of land

           - The land was mostly free, but still had to pay a nominal fee 

        - They had to live on it for five years and improve the land

the first transcontinental rail line is completed in 

Benjamin Harrison

Which President wanted civil-service reform and would sign into law the Pendleton Act?

As a result of the Compromise of 1877, who became the 19^th President in U.S.?

Which U.S. President was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau on September 19^th, 1881?

What were the several impacts that Railroads had in the U.S.?

it increased value of their land

Towns where railroads ran became growing cities

What was the greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years?

Barbed-wire (fences)

In what five ways were Indians and their leaders subdued?

                                -(1) railroad

                                - (2) various diseases from the settlers

                                - (3) the extermination of the buffalo/bison

                                - (4) wars

                                - (5) loss of their land to American settlement

What happened at Little Big Horn?

 268 soldiers of 7^th Cavalry 

Including George A. Custer were killed

Nez Perce Indians revolt was led by 

 the Indian Wars

Red Cloud said “they made us many promises, more than I can remember and they kept but one…they promised to take our land and they took it.” in what war

the Fetterman Massacre in Montana

Who was President, a “Rough Rider”, Assistant Secretary of Navy and also known for the quote “Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick”?

Who commanded the U.S. Navy in the defeat of the Spanish Fleet in Manila Harbor?

George Dewey

Which Democratic Presidential candidate advocated “free silver”, but lost the election?

Who led the African-American 10^th Calvary at the battles of El Caney and San Juan Hill?

What were the conditions of the the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

- It dissolved the legal entities of all tribes

- Indians were encouraged to behave and become farmers on            reservations

- Indians could gain full U.S. citizenship in 25 years

- Other immigrants only had to wait 5 years

Who coined the Gilded Age in 1873?

Why, in 1894, did the U.S. become the world’s largest manufacturer?

- Abundant capital

- Fully exploited natural resources

- Coal, oil and iron

- Massive immigration led to cheap labor.
- American ingenuity:

- Inventions by mass production                                                   

- Cash register, stock ticker, typewriter,

  refrigerator car and electric railway cars

What were some of the results of Immigrants arriving in America?  

Who were the big-business tycoons during the Gilded Age?

- Andrew Carnegie

- John D. Rockefeller

- John Pierpont (JP) Morgan

What caused the Knights of Labor to lose popularity and effectiveness?

The Haymarket Square Bombing

What as the greatest weakness of labor unions?

- Included only 15 percent of nation’s non-agricultural workers

                                - Largest Manufacturing Industries:

first National Park

In the late 1800’s, which sports emerged in America?

What happened in Election of 1868?

- Republicans nominate Civil War General Ulysses S. Grant for President

- Democrats nominated Horatio Seymour, from New York

Republicans “waved the bloody shirt”

General Ulysses S. Grant became the 18^th President in the U.S.

Who was known for apparently failing to see the corruption in his own cabinet while President?

What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal?

- This involved railroad construction payoffs

                - The company was paid huge sums of Federal Dollars (from Congress)

                                - Hugely inflated numbers

                                                - For a small railroad construction project

Who was the primary loser of the Compromise of 1877?

How did Jim Crow Laws in the South targeted African-American voters by what specific means?

- Literacy requirements

     Voter registration laws

Poll taxes

The South (old Confederacy) became solidly Democratic

What did the Plessy v Ferguson ruling say?

- They ruled that “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional

What was the first U.S. law that restricted immigration?

- In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed

                                                                - For 10 years, legal Chinese immigration was banned

What was the purpose of the Pendleton Act? 

usher in civil-service reform

the Pendleton Act,

Which election led to a Democrat becoming the First U.S. President since James Buchanan in 1856?

The Election of 1884  

The first U.S. government action to try and limit business monopolies was what?  

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Who was the Populist Party’s presidential candidate in 1892?

What were the most serious economic downturns in the latter 19^th Century?

What did Jacob Coxey due in 1894?

led protestors

What was Alfred Thayer Mahan’s requirements of modern economic development in his book?

- A powerful navy

- A strong merchant marine

- Foreign commerce, colonies and naval bases

- Spread Western civilization in the Pacific

- Build a canal connecting Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (later at Panama)

 - Impacted assistant secretary of U.S. Navy

British, French, Belgians, Italians, Dutch, Spanish and Germans

What are examples of American territorial growth in the latter half of the 19^th Century?

Social Darwinism

the U.S. purchased Alask

 - Russia sold the Alaska territory for $7.2 million

 - U.S. formally took possession of atoll

 - First Pacific islands annexed by U.S   

What were the results of Venezuela Crisis between the U.S. and Britain? 

(The Great Rapprochement)

marked a turning point

The Eagle was no longer twisting the Lion’s tail

- Rather the Lion patting the Eagle’s head

What was the one event that made Americans infuriated, demanding war due to being whipped into a hostile frenzy?

At the beginning of the Spanish-American War, what were considered to be Spain’s advantages?

- They had a larger standing Army

- They had a larger Navy

- They had more experienced and superior officers

How does the U.S. prove to be too strong for Spain?

Had not fought a war since Civil War

- Americans were angry

- U.S. had a smaller, but modern Navy

- Fast ships, built out of iron and steel

- (1) U.S. could intervene in Cuba and restore order in case of anarchy

- (2) U.S. could trade freely with Cuba

- (3) U.S. could get access for naval stations, most notably Guantanamo Bay

What role did Emilio Aguinaldo play in the Spanish-American War that was fought in the Philippines?

Who was it that led the African-American 10^th Calvary at the battles of El Caney and San Juan Hill?

Where were the parts of the Peace Treaty that ended the Spanish-American War?

The U.S. gained former Spanish possessions:

                                - The Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico

                                - The U.S. paid Spain $20 million

                                - The U.S. gained access to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

How can the Spanish-American War be summarized?

What were the conditions of Platt Amendment?

- (1) U.S. could intervene in Cuba and restore order in case of anarchy

- (2) U.S. could trade freely with Cuba

- (3) U.S. could get access for naval stations, most notably Guantanamo Bay

What was the “Open Door Policy”?

- It urged all nations to keep China open to trade

What happened in the Election of 1900?

Most popular figure was Theodore Roosevelt
TR was the biggest hero of Spanish-American War
- “Rough Rider”
- Former Assistant Secretary of Navy
- Both Democrats and Republicans heavily recruited TR

Who assassinated President McKinley and what did this lead to?

Leon Frank Czolgosz 

led to the creation of  the Secret Service

Who did Theodore Roosevelt retain as his Secretary of State?

Why was Theodore Roosevelt motivated to build a canal?

To go from Pacific to Atlantic Oceans

                                                                                                - It took much longer and He wanted to improve the defense of the United States

What was the “Bad Neighbor Policy”?

Why did Theodore Roosevelt earn the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906?

- For his diplomacy in keeping world peace

- At Portsmouth and Algeciras

After the San Francisco earthquake, how did President Roosevelt decide to impress Japan and to relieve tensions?

He decided to wave the “Big Stick”

                                - Roosevelt sent his battleship fleet on a world tour

                                                - He called it “The Great White Fleet”