Term
| Why are early civilizations such as Teotihucan, Tenochitlan, Cahokia and Chaco Canyon important? |
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Definition
| they were thriving civilizations of highly comp;ex societies |
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Term
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Definition
100-600AD
Capital Mayan City
Located near Yucatan Peninsula & Guatemala
125,000
Highly complex society |
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Term
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Definition
Aztecs
Later day Mexico City
Conquered by Cortes
1325-1521
Near Yucatan Peninsula and Guatemalan |
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Term
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Definition
Built huge mounds of dirt
found 120 mounds near East Texas
1100AD |
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Term
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Definition
850-1150AD
Ansazi(pueblo)
Complex Building
Built as a Ceremonial center, administrative & economic center
Ended Because of a drought
Located near New Mexico |
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Term
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Definition
| how the anasazi's kept track of the seasons and time. Solar & Lunar. Cardinal Directions |
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Term
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Definition
1521
Conquered Tenochtitlan
renamed Tenochtitlan to Mexico City which became the capital of New Spain |
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Term
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Definition
Spanish Conquistador who excuted the emperor in Peru and took there wealth back to Spain.
Help encourage the Spanish to return and build missions to hold land |
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Term
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Definition
| Land claimed in North America and Mexico and held until the overthrow of the government and the creation of Mexico |
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Term
| Spanish Conquistadors who came to Texas |
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Definition
Cabeza De Vaca & Estevanico 1536
Frey De Niza 1539
Coronado 1541
De Soto 1542 |
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Term
| Cabeza de Vaca & Estevanico |
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Definition
Held captive by local Indians
Cabeza posed as a Medicine
Traveled through South and West Texas.
Told stories of riches in the North
Wrote diary of travels |
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Term
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Definition
1539
Cibola
Fray Marcos was the leader.
Estevanico acted as a scout.
Searched for Cibola (7 cities of Gold)
Fray Marcos "reported" seing Cibola. |
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Term
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Definition
1541
lead expedition to follow up on report from Fray Marcos
reached Cibola, but found NO gold
Found no wealth
His Report discouraged exploration for 1/2 century |
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Term
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Definition
1542
Failed to find wealth
searched Florida |
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Term
| The French threaten the Spanish Territory |
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Definition
| French threat alerted Spanish to the threat of danger of losing Texas and to reemphasize Spanish settlement. La Salle's death did not end the French threat in Texas. |
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Term
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Definition
1684
France
Sailed north of the British
Sailed through Great Lakes all the way to Green Bay
Made Spaniards settle Texas cities |
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Term
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Definition
Techas
located in East Texas
Considered the most civilized and advanced of the Indians in Texas
Planted 2 crops of corn a year and traded with other Indians
There population declined due to diseases brought by the Spanish
Both Frenchmen & Spanishmen cooperated in attempting to build missions among the Caddo |
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Term
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Definition
1492
"Reconquering Spain"
Spain convert Muslims to Catholic by force
Spain bringing missions and presidios to the new country to hold land for Spain
Will teach the the natives the Catholic religion and culture in exchange for taking their wealth and making them Spanish subjects
"God, Gold and Glory" |
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Term
| Mission and Presidio System |
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Definition
| Reaction to the french presence in Texas, Spanish Built missions and near them presidios to hold the land for Spain |
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Term
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Definition
| Annual payment for the military. soldiers allowed to buy supplies. |
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Term
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Definition
La Bahia-Success
San Antonio-Success
Nacogdoches- Failure |
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Term
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Definition
1716
East Texas
several missions
unsuccessful
Spanish trying to convert caddo
Off set french influence |
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Term
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Definition
1718
had difficulty and needed situado to help keep economy going
Taught Indians how to farm
Coahuiltecan Indians
One of the most successful missions |
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Term
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Definition
1718
A presidio that was built to protect the missions in San Antonio |
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Term
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Definition
1721
3rd largest settlement in Texas
site of Fort St. Louis that La Salle had built.
moved to present day Goliad |
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Term
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Definition
1731
Moved to San Antonio to from the Canary Islands to help settle San Antonio. |
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Term
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Definition
West and North Texas
Threatened Settlement in San Antonio
Made $$ of raids
Raided horses & guns
Also threatened Apache |
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Term
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Definition
1763
First "World War"
British fighting \French and Indians mixed in
French lost all there land in U.S.
Gave Louisiana to Spain |
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Term
| New regulations for Presidios |
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Definition
concerned about the cost of the missions and their up keep.
Closed all but 2 forts in Tx because they were too expensive to maintain and it would save them $$ |
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Term
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Definition
Napoleonic wars in Europe affected Tx
Spain's govt became unstable and lost most of american colonies in North American including Mexico. |
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Term
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Definition
| a Spaniard took arms and drove the British out of West Florida and took control of Baton Rouge and kept the Mississippi open for the US |
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Term
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Definition
U.S. 3,700,000
New Spain 4,800,000
Tejas, 3,179 |
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Term
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Definition
1803
napoleon got control of LA back from Spain but he sold the land to the US because he was having other problems.
It affected Texas because it doubled the sized of the US. |
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Term
| Peninsulares = born in Spain |
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Definition
| European born Spaniards who moved to the Americas dominated the higher political order! |
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Term
| Crillos = Born in American |
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Definition
| born in New Spain and would ordinarily inherit their European born parents possessions |
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Term
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Definition
| Father Hidalgo lead a cry for freedom from high taxes. Citizens had to pay the war debt. |
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Term
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Definition
| General Arredondo fought the Republic Army of the North. Arredondo executed the settlers in San Antonio and East Texas who suspected of fighting in the war. |
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Term
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Definition
1819
a filibuster who tried to free Texas. declared independence after capeturing nacogdoches but was later captured at la Bahia. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1821 Mexico gained its independence from Spain. (The U.S. supported the revolutionaries in the battle. They believed in a democratic government.) |
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Term
| Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819-1821 |
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Definition
Spain gave up Florida to US
2 countries agreed to the sabrine river as the border between the 2 countries which would stop us settlers from moving west. |
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Term
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Definition
1761-1821
before he came to Texas he was in the mining business.
went to Mexico City and asked permission to settle in Spanish Texas in 1820.
12cents for land |
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Term
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Definition
| Moses Austin's friend who talked to Spanish officials and got Moses Austin's land grant approved |
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Term
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Definition
Moses Austin's son
Empresario
took up his father's land grant. |
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Term
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Definition
"Old Three Hundred"
300 settlers between Brazos & Colorado.
Very Successful |
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Term
| Terms of Austin's Contract |
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Definition
1 league (4,428 acres) for grazing
1 labor (177 acres)for farming
Settlers had to occupy the land in 2 years
Catholic and be loyal citizens to the Mexican govt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spanish name for Contractor |
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Term
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Definition
| A mexican official, much like a mayor |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasis was on giving power to the individual states rather than the central government. |
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Term
| State of Coahuila y Tejas |
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Definition
specify a boundary between the two.
capital is saltillo |
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Term
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Definition
| Mexico claimed the nueces river as the boundary between texas and mexico. |
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Term
| The boundary between Texas and Mexico is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Settle 800 families in Nacogdoches area.
"Independence, Liberty and Justice"
Austin offered to help put down the revolt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anglo-American citizen who lived in Coahuila y Texas or the Republic of Texas |
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Term
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Definition
| people of Mexican descent |
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Term
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Definition
1832
clashed occurred at Velasco
Cannon at Brazoria
Mexicans ran out of ammunition and surrendered and the cannon sailed |
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Term
| Santa Anna overturned constitution of 1814 |
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Definition
| 1835, He replaced the existing congress with a body subject to his will. |
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Term
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Definition
| Santa Anna had soldiers brutalize the city's citizens, killing thousands of them. |
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Term
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
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Definition
President of Mexico
overthrew the Constitution of 1824
became a dictator |
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Term
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Definition
Santa Anna's brother in law
He asked one of his soldiers to seek a cease fire and negotiate
PROMISE THAT CROSS THE RIO GRANDE AND NOT RETURN |
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Term
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Definition
commander-in-chief of the Texas Armies in 1836
He defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto securing Texas independence.
When the Texas Revolution started he supported the Revolution |
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Term
| Siege of the Alamo (Feb-March 1836) |
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Definition
Lasted 13 days
commanders for Texas where Jim Bowie and William B Travis & Davy Crockett
wanted to remain part of Mexico
Santa Anna and 2000-4000 men surrounded the Alamo and took on Texas Forces which were 183 men
All men were killed |
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Term
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Definition
Santa Anna ordered all 350 men killed.
General Urrea "surrender at discretion" |
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Term
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Definition
A committee was created to write a declaration of independence.
The Declaration was approved on March, 2 1826. Known as Texas Independence Day |
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Term
| David Burnett, appointed President, Lorenzo De Zavala, Vice President |
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Definition
Burnett was chosen the interim (temporary govt) president
Zavala was elected vice president |
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Term
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Definition
After the defeats of the Alamo and Goliad, people fled from their homes.
They headed east toward the US |
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Term
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Definition
April 21, 1836
Sam Houston was the commander of a group of soldiers they fought Santa Anna.
Organized battle lasted 18 minutes
Sam Houston and his men Won
Next day Santa Anna was captured and taken prisoner.
The last battle of the Texas Revolution |
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Term
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Definition
signed at the end of the War for Independence.
Public Treaty.
Santa Anna agreed to end the war
Santa Anna would never attack Texas again
Texas agreed to release Santa Anna.
Secret Treaty.
TX would release Santa Anna as soon as he met someterms.
Mexico would never again invade Texas
Set the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico. |
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Term
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Definition
1836-38
Elected pres. of new republic with Lamar as Vice President.
Had problems with paying off war debt.
Friends with indians
Married an indian
Wanted texas to become apart of the USA |
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Term
| President Mirabeau Lamar 1838-41 |
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Definition
worked to get the indians out of texas and spend 2.5 million dollars.
known as the Father of education.
set aside land for TAMU and UT |
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Term
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Definition
1844-45
Last president of Republic of texas |
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Term
| Strength and weaknesses of the republic |
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Definition
| money problems and wars over the borders of texas mainly the nueces and rio grande river |
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Term
| Annexation or foreign recognition |
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Definition
Statehood
Texas 28th state
Texas was allowed to keep its public land and had to pay off its debts. |
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