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Hist 1493 Test 3
Terms and Men to Know
42
History
Undergraduate 1
07/25/2011

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Term
Lincoln Steffens
Definition
One of the best known magazine muckrakers. He wrote about the shame of the cities. He wanted to uncover the crime and corruption found there.
Term
Ida M. Tarbell
Definition
She was a female magazine muckraker that attacked the rise of the Standard Oil Company and Rockefeller.
Term
Herbert Croly
Definition
In 1909 he wrote The Promise of American Life. This book tied the Progressive movement together more than any other book.
Term
Samuel "Golden Rule" Jones
Definition
He was a progressive politician from OH. He was a mayor of Toledo, Ohio.
Term
Robert La Follette
Definition
He was a governor and senator of Wisconson. He eventually ran for president as a Progressive candidate.
Term
"Dollar Diplomacy"
Definition

This was the name for foreign policy and diplomacy under Taft. IT basically said two things:

1. Use Wall Street dollars to support, make, and uphold foreign policy.

2. Use foreign policy to support, uphold, and help out Wall Street.

Term
Victoriano Huerta
Definition
This man was the leader of the Mexican revolution in 1913. He represented the elites and foreign investors. Wilson really disliked the man because he gained power by force and bloodshed.
Term
"ABC" Powers
Definition
The "ABC" powers consisted of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. These powers served to negotiate the arbitration and negotiations between the U.S. and Mexico in 1914.
Term
Gavrilo Princep
Definition
This man assassinated Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and ultimately started WWI.
Term
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Definition
This man's death ultimately started WWI. He was assassinated in Bosnia on June 28, 1914.
Term
Triple Entente (Allied Powers)
Definition
This was the alliance composed of England, France and Russia. They opposed the Triple Alliance (Central Powers).
Term
Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
Definition
This alliance was composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. They were opposed to the Triple Entente (Allied Powers).
Term
Edith Cavell
Definition
She was a British nurse that was killed in Belgium by the Germans just after the "Rape of Belgium." Her death outraged Americans.
Term
Doctrine of Continuous Voyage
Definition

This doctrine was invoked by England during WWI and was held against her as viloating neutrality during the war. It basically stopped the ability of neutrals to trade with neutrals.

(?? 1445 on July 21)

Term
"Strict Accountibility"
Definition
This term is associated with Wilson and basically says that Germany cannot have any more "accidents" and that they will be held accountable for the actions they take. It says that they will have to follow the rules that say that 1. they have to warn the ships before they attack and 2. that they have to provide for the safety of the survivors.
Term
Robert Lansing
Definition
This man replaced Wilson's Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan after Bryan resigned from office in 1915.
Term
Dr. Heinrich Albert
Definition
This man was a German spy. He was being trailed by U.S. Intelligence Agents who found a briefcase that he had accidentally left on an elevator. His "accident" allowed the U.S. to have proof that there were German spies in America.
Term
National Security League
Definition
This league was formed in the U.S. in 1914 by arms and militia makers. It was created in hopes of getting the U.S. prepared if anything bad happened here.
Term
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Definition
This was the German idea for warfare. Basically it said that Germans would shoot anyone on site with no restrictions and no rules. This angered Americans and it was the #1 reason why the U.S. got involved in WWI.
Term
Zimmerman Note
Definition

This was another cause of the U.S. entering WWI. It was a note from Alfred Zimmerman, a German Secretary for foreign affairs, to a German diplomat in Mexico. British intelligence intercepted the note and turned it over to Wilson who then turned it over to the Yellow Press. It basically said two things:

1. In the event of war b/t the U.S. and Germany, Mexico should join forces with Germany against the U.S. and if they do, they will get all of the land back that they lost during the Mexican-American War

2. Also, try to get Japan to join us if you can

 

Term
Selective Service Act
Definition
1917. This was basically the draft for WWI. It changed the age for draft availability from 21 to 30 to 18 to 45 in an attempt to get more people to be eligable for fighting.
Term
A.E.F.
Definition
THis was the official name of the armed forces during WWI. It stood for American Expeditionary Forces.
Term
John Pershing
Definition
He was the leader of the AEF during WWI
Term
William S. Sims
Definition
He was the supreme Naval Admiral during WWI
Term
Convoy System
Definition
The use of fighting vessels to escort and protect merchant and troop ships. During WWI the convoy system was responsible for transporting 2 million soldiers and 5 million tons of goods to Europe for America.
Term
Captain Edward "Eddie" V. Rickenbacker
Definition
He was the leading air ace of WWI. He was known by many as "fast Eddie" because before the war he drove race cars.
Term
Alvin C. York
Definition
This man was the leading hero during the war.
Term
Bernard Baruch
Definition
He was the head of the war industry board during WWI.
Term
Herbert Hoover
Definition
He was the head of the Food Administration during WWI.
Term
Harry Garfield
Definition
He headed the fuel administration during WWI.
Term
William G. McAdoo
Definition
He was Wilson's son-in-law, the secretary of the treasury, and head of the railroad administration during WWI.
Term
George Creel
Definition
He was a Denver journalist who headed the Committee on Public Information and urged Wilson to use expression not repression and propaganda rather than censorship.
Term
Big Four
Definition

These were the four most influential men attending the meeting for the Treaty of Versailles in Paris. They were:

Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)

David Lloyd George (British Prime Minister)

George Clemenceau (French Premier)

Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

Term
Reservationists
Definition
These were the members of Congress that agreed with ratifying the treaty and the league, but had some reservations about the ordeal. They were split into mild-- those who only had minor reservations-- and strong--those who had major reservations.
Term
"Irreconciables"
Definition
These were 15 U.S. Senators who always voted "NO" on the league and the treaty regardless of the form, amendments, or outcomes. Most of these were ultra-isolationists.
Term
Henry Cabot Lodge
Definition
He was one of the leading "strong" reservationists.
Term
"Ohio Gang"
Definition
This was a group of Harding's friends from Ohio that he appointed to significant political offices during his presidency. Many of them would be involved in scandals in the future.
Term
A. Mitchell Palmer
Definition
This man was responsible for starting the "Big Red Scare" in America. He was Wilson's Attorney General.
Term
Albert B. Fall
Definition
He was Harding's Secretary of the Interior and was a main player in the Teapot Dome Scandal.
Term
Sacco & Vanzetti
Definition
These men were accused of a crime in 1920 and during their conviction trial in 1921, it was decided that these men were athiests, anarchists, and draft-dodgers. They were found guilty and executed in 1927 even though the general thought was that they were innocent.
Term
Punitive Expedition
Definition
This is a military jouney undertaken to punish a state or group of "wrongdoers" for the things they have done.
Term
Reparations
Definition
These are war damage payments and are usually paid by the nation or group who is found to be "responsible" for the war.
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