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| political power is concentrated in a leader or leaders, typically unelected, who possess exclusive, unaccountable, and arbitrary power. |
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| term used to describe policies which emphasize on domestic control of the economy, labor and capital formation |
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| Middle East Supply Center |
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| World War II agency in Cairo set up to coordinate supply and transport problems of the Middle East. (for Western interests) |
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| composed of young junior army officers committed to unseating the Egyptian monarchy and its British advisers. |
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| any variety of socialism which relies on or advocates for control of the means of production by the state, either through state ownership or state management. |
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| second President of Egypt from 1954 until his death. He led the bloodless coup which toppled the monarchy of King Farouk and heralded a new period of modernization and socialist reform in Egypt |
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| secularist Arab nationalism/Pan-Arabism political party opposed to Western imperialism and calling for the "renaissance" or "resurrection" of the Arab World and its unity in one united state. |
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| immigration of Jews to the Land of Israel. It is a basic tenet of Zionist ideology, and an important component of Judaism. |
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| “Great Revolt” (1936-1939) |
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| Palestine-wide rebellion against Zionist immigration and British control; put down harshly by the British. |
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| group of Israeli Scholars |
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| Israeli legislation, enacted in 1950, that gives Jews, those of Jewish ancestry, and their spouses the right to migrate to and settle in Israel and gain citizenship. |
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| people and their descendants, predominantly Palestinian Arabic-speakers, who fled or were expelled from their homes during and after the 1948 Palestine War, Within that part of the British Mandate of Palestine that after that war became the territory of the State of Israel, and the Palestinian territories. |
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| process of returning a person back to one's place of origin or citizenship. |
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| governing the property of Arab refugees from the state of Israel following the Arab-Israel war of 1948 |
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| the balance of Arabs, Jews, and other groups |
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| term referring to Jews living in the Arab World, or Jews descended from such persons. |
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| an Austro-Hungarian journalist and the father of modern political Zionism. |
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| Conquest of Land/Conquest of Labor |
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| goal of taking land for the Jewish/Zionist movement, goal of creating an entirely-Jewish labor force. (First and Second Aliyah) |
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| statement issued by the British government in 1917 that stipulated, among other things, that the British government viewed with "favor" the establishment of a Jewish home in Palestine. |
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| literally, disaster; word used by Palestinians to refer to the 1948 war and the creation of Israel. |
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| emperor of Iran from 16 September 1941, until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. |
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| Shah of the Imperial State of Iran from December 15, 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in September 16, 1941. |
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| an Arabic term meaning "a place of sitting" used to describe various types of special gatherings among common interest groups be it administrative, social or religious in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to Islamic countries. |
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| the Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953 when he was overthrown in a coup d'état backed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency. |
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| Ayatollah Rouhollah Khomeini |
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| Following the revolution and a national referendum, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader—a position created in the constitution as the highest ranking political and religious authority of the nation—until his death. |
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| an Egyptian author, educator, Islamist, poet, and the leading intellectual of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in the 1950s and '60s. |
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| an Islamic concept of "ignorance of divine guidance" or "the state of ignorance of the guidance from God" or "Days of Ignorance" referring to the condition Arabs found themselves in pre-Islamic Arabia |
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| a Shi'a Islamist political and paramilitary organisation based in Lebanon. |
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| is a Palestinian Islamic socio-political organization which includes a paramilitary force, |
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| Sunni Islamic movement that takes pious ancestors, the Salaf of the patristic period of Islam, as exemplary models |
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| belief in strict interpretation of the Bible, getting back to basics |
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| term used to describe religious ideologies seen as advocating a return to the "fundamentals" of Islam: the Quran and the Sunnah. |
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