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| Christians of the radical reformation-descendants are the amish, Bretheren, Hutterites, and Mennonites-First targets for martyrdom |
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| The peace of Augsburg was a deal between Charles V and the Prussian Princes in which each one was allowed to choose either catholicism or protestantism... |
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| The seat of the Papacy from 1305-1377. This signaled the Babylonian Captavity |
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| The period in which the Papacy was in France, and under the thumb of the FRENCH rulers??? |
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| Sir Francis Bacon published Novum Organum (the New Instrument) in which he argues that philosophers should reason inductively. Basically he advocated for the scientific method |
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| Agents for centralized control-put in place by Philip Agustus II |
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| An Italian author of Decameron which is a collection of 1000 Italian Novellas |
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| Pope from 1285-1314. Arrested after declaring that the Papacy has the ability to overthrow Kings. Begins decline of the Papacy |
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| Battle of Bouvines demonstrated dominance of papacy over friend and foe. Began the creation of France and caused King of England to sign the Magna Carta |
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| The man who taught Johannes Kepler and began to explore the theory that planetary bodies are in movement |
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| Brothers of the common life |
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| Founded by Gerald Groote-Three key points; A more personal involvement in religion, desire to be better informed religiously,encourage better preachers and preaching |
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| One of the foremost architects and engineers of the Renassiance. Almost all of his works are in Florence and he is especially noted for the dome on the Florence Cathedral, which is the largest brick done ever constructed |
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| The Eastern Roman Empire which began to decline in late 500s. There was the Great SChism between the Catholics and what is now the Eastern Orthodox Church, which was exploited during the crusades. |
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| John Calvin (1509-1564) he was a second gen Protestant Reformer-Set the principles of Protestantism. |
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| The Council of Constance took place from 1413-1417 to basically end the Western Schism and demanded all three poped resign. Martin V was elected after the Council |
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| The House of Capet was formed by Hugh Capet and ruled France from 987-1328 |
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| Pope for short period from 1292-1294. was chosen as Pope although he didn't want the position. Created Conclave as well as the ability for the Pope to Abdicate. |
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| The French King who was crowned in 1429 while the English controlled the Northern half of France. He was crowned while Joan of Arc was leading the French against the english |
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| Author of the Canteburry Tales?? |
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| A formal meeting of the College of Cardinals for anything other than papal elections |
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| Proposed that the universe is a heliocentric system published his hyposthesis in the book On The Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies. First one to challenge Ptolemy and the Church |
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| Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the Big Three of the High Renaissance. He was known for his paintings the last supper and the mona lisa |
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| A collection of 100 novelas by Giovanni Boccaccio-later the inspiration for the Canterbury tales by Geoffrey Chaucer |
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(1596-1650) Put forward the idea of Deductive Reasoning.
Published in 1637 Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences. Discovered Analytical Geometry and is a leading figure in the Scientific revolution |
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| A forged document supossedly from Emperor Constantine that gave control of the Western Roman Empire to the Papacy. Forgery was discovered by Lorenzo Valla |
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| (1272-1307)King of england who united much of Wales, Scotland with England. First Kings to tax the Clergy |
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| Johannes Kepler proposed that plants orbit not in just a circle, but in an elliptical shape instead. |
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| The cycles of the planets in their orbit, which aligned with the different holidays. This was in the Geocentric system |
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| Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) was a Augustinian MOnk who was educated at a school run by the Brothers of the common life. He was nicknamed Prince of the Humanities for his work such as Adages and In Praise of Folly. He raised a lot of questions key to the reformation, but believed in changing the church from within |
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| The city of the early renaissance during the 1400s |
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| The Scientist who is credited with basically creating modern science. His finding supported the Copernican system and he was persecuted for his views by the Catholic Church |
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| The experimental lab of calvinism in 1540 |
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| The idea that one could live comfortably based of income not earned. Idea first put forth in BOOK of the Courtier |
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| The idea put forth by Greek philosopher Ptolemy that the Earth is the center of the universe. The accepted idea, until Copernicus' Theory. |
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| (1378-1455) An Italian artist who gained fame during the early Renaissance |
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| An Italian painter and architect from Florence who is considered to have " Brought art back from the dead" by breaking with Byzantine style painting |
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| The idea that all life, physical and spiritual has a hierarchy to it |
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| The Splitting of the Eastern and Western halves of the Church into the Roman Catholic Church and the Easters or Greek Orthodox Church. Occurred in 1054 |
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| Gerald Groote was the founder of Brothers of the Common Life- A group that promoted a more personal involvement in religion, better informed religiously, and better preachers and preaching |
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| Johannes Gutenberg was the inventor of the movable type, which allowed the spread of the renaissance to Northern Europe |
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| The idea put forth by Copernicus that the universe is centered around the sun |
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| King of England who in 1500 Established teh House of Tudor. This brough political stability to England after the War of Rosses |
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| the peak of the renaissance in art; occurred in Rome 1500-1527 marked by the sacking of Rome |
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| The third part of the Trinity; the idea that you must accept it into your life during baptism in order to be a christian |
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| Pardons that could be purhcased for a price which would forgive your sins. One of the objects which the Reformed hated so much |
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| A Danish Princess who was to marry Phillip II Agustus of France, but on the day of their wedding, Phillip backed out and she was forced to go into exile in various French castles for the next 20 years |
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| The Pope decided in favor of the Guef, Otto IV. After Otto's betrayl, the Pope went to war and the won. This is the height of Papal Power |
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| Criticism of the Current Age in 1511. Written by Erasmus and focused on the clergy from monks all the way to the pope |
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| The society of Jesus, headed by Ignatius of Loyola; as intelectual soldiers for God and the pope |
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| King John of England was regent while his brother was away. His defeat lead to the signing of the Magna Carta |
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Discovered the three laws of planetary motion:
Orbital Shape-elleptical
Consistency of area swept
relation of orbit time and radius |
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| Revoked the Edict of Nantes, which granted rights to protestants in France |
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| Martin Luther was one of the leaders of the reformation- he basically began the movement. A member of the brothers of the common life |
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| King John of England was defeated and forced to sign the Magna Carta giving the people basic rights |
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| An Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian renaissance. He was a patron of scholars and the arts |
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| An Anabaptist, protestant leader who became leader of the Menonites |
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| One of the Big Three artists of the High renaissance-painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, 18ft David |
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| Sir Thomas More was Author of Utopia was beheaded in 1535. Utopia was the first description of an ideal state since Plato's Republic |
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| One of the first physicists who proposed the Law of Gravity in 1687 |
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| The father of Humanities-An Italian scholar and poet a figure of the Renaissance |
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| King of France from 1285- 1314-He set the stage for the Hundred Years war between the English and French |
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| A member of the House of Capet and the French Monarch from 1180-1223. He expanded the influence and power of the monarchy and brought a measure of stability to the county |
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| Pico della Mirandola was a philosopher of the renaissance who wrote Oration on the dignity of man, a piece that has been called the manifesto of the Renaissance |
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| Proposed a Geocentric model of the Universe, which was standard until Copernicus proposed a Heliocentric model |
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| The Greek philosopher who developed the Pythagorean Theorem |
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| the literal translation of the word Renaissance |
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| A system of government in which people elect their representatives. In addition it is the title of a piece by Plato describing the ideal state |
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| The Capitol of the Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire, center of Catholicism home to Vatican City |
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| One of the pillars of Protestant belief. Sola Fide=By Faith Alone |
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| One of the pillars of Protestant belief. Sola Fide=by grace alone |
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| One of the pillars of Protestant belief. Sola Fide=By scripture alone |
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| Louis XI of France (1461-1483)- Is known for uniting and Consolidating France and its monarchy. He is credited wiht bringing the country out of the Middle Ages |
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| Johann Tetzel-A Dominican preacher who was notorious for selling indulgences. Luther used him as justification for the Reformation |
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| the change of the body and blood into bread and wine respectively. It was a major point of contention between Protestants and Catholics |
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| The House of Tudor was the reigning family upon the English Throne from 1485-1603 |
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| A Papal Bull that declares the spiritual Authority over temporal authority. Basically the Pope can overthrow "ungodly kings" |
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A book by Sir Thomas More in 1516. The first description of an Ideal state since Plato'
s Republic. |
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| The center of the Late Renaissance from 1527-1600 |
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| A war to decide the Throne in England. The war lasted from 1455 and 1485 and was fought between the houses of Lancaster and York |
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| A region east of the Netherlands, which is half Protestant and half Catholic |
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| The First Norman to be on the english throne. He developed the Curia Regis which was the precursor to parliament. Also began to use Sherriffs |
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| A Swiss leader of the reformist movement. Leader of the Swiss Protestants; died in battle against the Swiss Catholics |
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