Leonardo da Vinci

The Last Supper/Fresco

City: Milan

High Renaissance

15th Century

• uses Linear perspective
  
• organized/balanced
• light from window behind head of Jesus creates a natural halo but includes no intentional, painted halos
• Jesus in center wearing blue and red
• fresco went through extensive restoration
  

Raphael

Philosophy (School of Athens)/Fresco

Vatican Place, Rome, Italy

16th Century

High Renaissance

• Paintings in papal library represent 4 branches of knowledge: theology, philosophy, law, & poetry
• famous "thinkers" included in painting such as plato and aristotle
• Raphael uses people he knew as models to depict famous thinkers from Greece
• drawn from classical culture
  

Michelangelo

David/Marble

16th Century

High Renaissance

• origionally built to be viewed above the heads of the viewer, however was placed much closer to the audience
• larger than life-size hands
  

Michelangelo

Ceiling of Sistine Chapel/Fresco

Vatican City, Rome, Italy

16th Century

High Renaissance

• commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV
• Michelangelo origionally did not want to paint the ceiling
• entire ceiling organized through architectural molding-all paintings related
• 9 scenes from Genesis (on top)
• countless old testment and pagan figures
• fascination with classical figures displayed
• includes anscestors of Jesus in triangular areas and above windows
  

Michelangelo

The Last Judgement/ Fresco

Vatican City, Rome, Italy

16th Century

High Renaissance

• includes distorted self-portrait of Michelangelo in the flayed skin of Saint Bartholomew
  

Bramante

Plan for new St. Peters/architecture

the Vatican, Rome, Italy

16th Century

High Renaissance

• Marks grave site of St. Peter
• COMPLEX layout
• very little of Bramante's plan was accomplished because of his death in 1514
• Moved from origional basilican to central plan
• includes 4 large grand entrances
  

Michelangelo

Plan for St. Peters/Architecture

Vatican City, Rome, Italy

16th Century

High Renaissance

• Simplified and united plan-includes only 1 large grand entrance
• Central plan
• commissioned by Pope Paul III
• includes double shelled, ribbed structure-very sculptural
  

Palladio

Villa Rotanda/achitecture

Vicenza, Italy

16th Century

High Renaissance

• central plan structure
• 1st architect to put a dome on a domestic structure-secularized
• classical art/achitecture
• Ionic order porch (curving "volutes")

Bellini

San Zaccaria Alterpiece/oil on wood transferred to canvas

Venice, Italy

16th Century

High Renaissance

• Madonne and child surrounded by saints
• Sacra conversazione (holy conversation)
• one of the great masters of High Renaissance
• Venician Style: softer colors & lighting, more atmospheric effects & evokative
• painting suggests chapel is seperate from church-located outside
  

Titian

Madonna of the Pesaro Family/oil on canvas

Venice, Italy

16th Century

High Renaissance

• religious and political references
• patron: bishop of the church appears in painting
• painting represents a military defeat
• Dynamic composition
• Mary and Jesus not in center-painting balanced by color and flag
  

Parmigianino

Madonna with the Long Neck/oil on wood

16th century

Mannerism

• Neck is like a column-reflects the poems and hymns

Romano

Interior courtyard facade of the Palazzo del Te

Mantua, Italy

16th Century

Mannerism

• Federigo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua- patron
• Metopes look like they are slipping out, keystone pushing out of rectangular niche
• moving away from high renaissance values of statis and regularity

Durer

The Fall of Man/Engraving

Holy Roman Empire

16th Century

High Renaissance

• 1st known print that documents real human proportions
• idealized/reflects classical statues
• incredible detail
• humors: fluids of the body impacted personality (represented by animals in print)
  

Grunewald

Isenheim Alterpiece/Crucifixion/oil on panel

Isenheim, Germany

16th Century

High Renaissance

• St. Anthony's fire- hallucinations, gangreen, extreme pain, amputation of limbs-caused by spoiled rye
• looks back to midevil style-emotional
• treatment of patients with St. Anthony's fire were treated by going before the alterpiece
  

Bosch

Garden of Earthly Delight/ oil on wood

Netherlands

16th Century

Mannerism

• figures are unsettling
• subject matter went agains the church
• almost pornographic
• alchemy: turing other metals into gold
  

Bruegel the Elder

Hunters in the Snow/ oil on panel

The Netherlands

16th Century

Mannerism

• focus on peasant life
• pat of a cycle or series
• represents december and january
• includes dramatic plunge and captures everyday life
  

El Greco

The Burial of Count Orgaz/oil on canvas

The Netheralands

16th Century

Mannerism

• Most famous painter working in Spain during the 16th century
• looks ot late Byzntine and italian styles
• looked back to an earlier family legend from the 14th century
• includes name and date on the hankerchief of his son
• connects 2 realms through color, the eyes, and the processional staff
• the Legend: 2 saints appear and lower the counts body into grave while his soul was visually being taken to heaven