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Details Title: heredity and genetics Description: heredity and genetics Total Flash Cards: 45 Created: 03/25/2006 22:29:27	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term genetics Definition the study of how traits are transmitted from one generation to the next Term Trait Definition - Physical characteristic of on organism. Term Allele - Definition Alternate forms of a gene. (T or t) (Tall or short) Term Homozygous Definition (Purebred) - Having the same alleles or genotype (TT Term Heterozygous Definition (Hybrid) - Having different alleles or gentotypes (Tt) Term Dominate Trait - Definition A trait that ALWAYS shows when it is present. Term Recessive Trait -. Definition A trait that is hidden if a dominate trait is present. Term genotype Definition genetic makeup of an individual Term phenotype Definition obsevable physical characteristic of an organism Term mutation Definition a change in DNA ,change in chomosome number structure Term cell Definition the basic unit of living organisms Term Law of Independent Assortment Definition the distribution of one pair of alleles into gametes doesnt influence the distribution of the other pair. Term random assortment Definition the change distribution of of chromosomes to daughter cells during meiosis Term mendalian traits Definition characteristics that are influenced by alleles at only one genetic locus Term antigens Definition large molecules found on the surface of cells Term hybrids Definition offspring of individuals that differ in certain traits or aspects of genetic makeup Term principal of segregation Definition during gamete production, the members of each gene pair separate so that each gamete contains one member of each pair Term codominance Definition the expression of two allele in heterozygotes Term polygenetic Definition traits that are influenced by genes at two or or more loci ex skin color, eye color Term variation Definition inherited differances among individuals, the basis for evolutionary change Term evolution Definition the change in the frequency of alleles from one generation to the next Term allele frequency Definition in a population, the % of all the alleles at a locus accounted for by one specific allele Term population Definition within a species,a community of individuals where mates are usually found Term gene flow Definition exchange of genes between populations Term genetic drift Definition changes in allele frequencies produced by random factors Term founder effect Definition a type of genetic drift in which allele frequencies are altered in small populations that are taken from, or are remrants of larger populations Term gene pool Definition the total complement of genes shared by the reproductive members of a population Term microevolution Definition small changes ocurring within species such as changes in allele frequencies Term macroevolution Definition changes produced only after many generations, such as appearance of a new species Term eukaryotic cells Definition multicellular organisms Term organelles Definition structures within cells surrounded by a membrane and oreform different specific functions Term nucleus Definition structure found in all eykaryotic cells that contain chromosomes or nuclear DNA Term deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) Definition double stranded molecule that contains the genetic code. Term molecules Definition structure made of two or more atoms, can combine with other molecules to form more complex structures Term cytoplasm Definition the portion of the cell contained within the cell membrane,contains semifluid Term protein Definition three dimensional molecules that serve a wide variety of functional through their ability to bind to other molecules Term protein synthesis Definition the assembly of chains of amono acids into functional protein molecules DNA directs the process Term mitochondria Definition structures contained within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that convert energy,derived from nutrients into a form that is used by the cell Term ribosomes Definition structures composed of a form of a RNA called ribosomal RNA, rRNA and protein Term mitochondrial DNA Definition DNA found in the mitochondria,inherited only by the mother Term somatic cells Definition all the cells in the body except for those involved with reproduction Term gametes Definition reproductive cells eggs and sperm in animals,developed in ovaries and testes Term zygote Definition a cell formed by the unin of an egg and sperm,contains a full complement of chromosomes Term nucleotides Definition basic units of a DNA molecule composed of a sugar,phosphate and one of the four bases Term replicate Definition to duplicate,DNA is able to make copies of it self