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Hereditary & Environment Ch.4
Hereditary & ENvironment Ch.4
16
Psychology
12th Grade
12/13/2008

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Cards

Term
How many chromosomes does one person have?
Definition

23 pairs- 46

(23 each from mother and father)

Term
What are Genes?
Definition
units that make up chromosomes
Term
What do genes do?
Definition

transmit traits to children

 

each gene contains DNA which instructs development of body

Term
Name and describe the two types of genes.
Definition
(1) Dominant - gene which determines the trait or characteristics a child will have if one parent has it
 
(2) Recessive - trait or characteristic passed only if the gene on matching chromosome is recessive
Term
characteristics
Definition
parents just pass on genetic make up that their ancestors have carried
Term
Define Maturity
Definition
Patterns of individual growth that appear automatically as an individual gets older
Term
Maturity Characteristics
Definition
a) learning not dependent on maturation alone
b) however learning and performing physical tasks are accomplished more efficiently at the right level of maturity (critical period)
Term
Define Personality
Definition
person's consistent ehavior in reaction to outside stimulus
Term
What are nativists?
Definition
scientists who believe heredity shapes persons growth
Term
Who was the nativist that believed in personality and body type?
Definition
W.H. Sheldon
Term
Describe W.H. Sheldons belief?
Definition
heavy set - relaxed and social
muscular - competitive and adventurous
thin- not sociable physically awkward
Term

What is the opposition to W.H. Sheldon's beliefs?

Definition
does a person who changes body weight change personality?
Term
Describe the Maternal Environment
Definition
1) No nervous system connection between mother and child
2) no blood exchange
3) however, cigarette smoke, disease, alcohol and drugs affects fetal development
Term
Describe Mal nutrition in the environment effects at birth
Definition
a) reduced brain cell development and intellectual development
b) decrease birth body weight
c) less developed organs
Term
Describe mal-nutrition in the environment in post-birth (2-3 years)
Definition
a) the earlier malnutrition occurs the greater the effect
b) lower IQ scores
c) decreased language development
d) increased behavioral problems
Term

Heredity- environment interaction

effect (Middle Way Theory)

Definition
1) heredity is associated with intellectual development but environment fosters this trait
 
2) heredity increases chances of some behavioral or other disorder but environment may determine if it will appear
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