Term
| What does p wave represent on EKG |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the QRS wave represent on the EKG |
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Definition
| Ventricular depolarization |
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Term
| Atrial repolarization represents? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stress, anxiety, pain, fear, medication, hypoxemia, fever |
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Term
| Hypothermia would give you _____. |
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Definition
| Hypothermia would give u bradycardia |
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Term
Is Atrial fibrillation or flutter life threatening? Whats the bad thing that could happen? |
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Definition
| No; Cant get sufficient bld in ventricles. Blood clots (that’s why the always heparinize someone) |
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Term
| Is Ventricular fibrillation life-threatening? |
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Definition
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Term
Whats a PVC? Should we be worried if the patient has a PVC? Tx for? |
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Definition
| Looks like a bizarre complex; No unless they are not perfusing. Keep monitoring. Frequent PVCs call for tx of the underlying cause (Lidocaine offers temporary solution in some cases) |
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Term
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Definition
| hypoxia, electrolyte imbalances, and acid base disorders |
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Term
Where does an ectopic beat originate from? |
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Definition
| Anywhere except the SA node |
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Term
| When the heart cycle undergoes depolarization, what happens after that? And then after that? |
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Definition
| Contraction (systole); Repolarization which causes relaxation (diastole) |
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Term
Stroke volume in terms of systolic and diastolic volumes |
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Definition
| STROKE VOLUME= end diastolic - end systolic |
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Term
What paces the heart and what rate does the pace have? |
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Definition
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Term
Whats the back up pacemaker and what does it pace at? |
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Definition
| AV node (ventricular is slower); 40-60 bpm |
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Term
| Back-up pacemaker after the AV node? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the impulse from the SA node delayed at AV node |
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Definition
| B/c the ventricles need time to fill |
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Term
| What is the most life threating EKG reading |
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Definition
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Term
If you have rise in central venous pressure, what usually causes it? |
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Definition
| B/c you have a rise in blood volume (fluid overload, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary valve stenosis, left sided heart failure) |
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Term
| A decrease in central venous pressure is caused by ____. |
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Definition
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Term
What is central venous pressure? |
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Definition
| R atrium, inferior and superior vena cava (The venous system holds ¾ of the blood supply) |
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Term
Which parameter is most useful for estimating left ventricular pressure or left atrial pressure? |
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Definition
| Wedge pressure (pulmonary capillary or artery wedge pressure ) |
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Term
| SpO2-What are some things that cause significant variations? |
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Definition
| Nail polish, fluorescent light, darker skin, dyes that they put in blood, carboxyhgb gives inaccurate reading, movement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
If pulmonary capillary wedge pressure goes above 20 your patient is going to go into _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal paper speed for an ECG is __ mm/sec. Each small box on the paper represents ___ seconds and one large box represents ___ seconds |
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Definition
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Term
| A "tombstone" t wave is indicative of what? |
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Definition
| Cardiac ischemia or an increased K+ level (deadly) |
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Term
| Possible causes of sinus bradycardia |
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Definition
| hypothermia or abnormalities in the SA Node/vasovagal stimulation |
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Term
| 3 types of cardiac cells in the heart |
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Definition
1. pacemaker cells
2. specialized rapidly conducting tissue (purkinje fibers)
3. atrial & ventricular muscle cells |
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Term
| Normally the ___ has the greatest degree of automaticity |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal QRS complex is not wider than ___ mm |
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Definition
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Term
| The wave of ventricular repolarization is seen as the ___ wave |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ interval is the time from the start of atrial ctx to the start of ventricular ctx |
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Definition
| PR (normally not >0.20 sec) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ segment is the time from the end of ventricular depolarization to the start of venticular repolarization |
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Definition
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Term
| Elevated or depressed ST segments equals |
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Definition
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Term
| Most often sinus tachycardia is caused by? |
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Definition
| Anxiety, pain, fever, hypovolemia, or hypoxemia, certain meds (bronchodilators) |
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Term
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Definition
| Eliminate underlying cause |
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Term
| Tx for sinus bradycardia to stimulate the HR when clinical bradycardiac symptoms occur |
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Definition
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Term
| When does a first degree heart block occur |
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Definition
| May occur after an MI or with the use of beta-blockers |
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Term
| Is treatment for a type I second degree heart block needed? Type II? |
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Definition
| Type I not usually; Type II is often needed and includes meds such as atropine and possible a pacemaker |
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Term
| Tx for third degree heart block |
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Definition
| Medications to speed up heart and a pacemaker |
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Term
| What is atrial flutter caused by and tx for |
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Definition
| A wide variety of disorders such as rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, renal failure, stress, hypoxemia. Meds and cardioversion |
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Term
| Tx for atrial fibrillation |
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Definition
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Term
| In ventricular tachycardia, the ventricular rate is usually |
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Definition
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