-Protozoa

-Animalia

-Fungi

-Chromista

-Single Cell organism

-Size Range: 2-100 micrometers

-Has a nucleus, ER, Food storage granules, and contractile and digestive vacuoles. 

-13 major subgroups: 7 important

-All are Facultative Anaerobes

-Single Cell Organism

-Plant like Algae

-B. hominis is the only one harmful to humans

-Multicell organisms

-Protozoa Family

-Metamonada, Parabasala, Percolozoa, and Euglenozoa

-Move via flagella

-Replicate via Binary Fission

-Unicellular; cyst and trophozoite forms

-Eats via simple diffusion or ingestion

-Protozoa family

-Unicellular, cyst and trophocyte forms

-Reproduction via binary fission

-Move via Psuedopods

-Eat via Assimilation by Pinocytosis or Phagocytosis

-Facultative Anaerobe

-Protozoa family

-Consist of the ciliates

-Unicellular, cyst and trophozoites

-Reproduce via Binary Fission

-Move via Cilia

-Facultative Anaerobes

-Eat via Ingestion by food vacuole 

-Symbiotic organisms

-Unicellular

-Sexual Reproduction

-No mode of transportation

-Eat via simple diffusion

-Have organelles at there apical end that produce substances that help penetrate other cells to become intracellular parasites

-Originally grouped with protozoa but now fungi

-Obligate intracellular parasite

-Spores(polar tube) inject infective material(sporoplasm) into the host cell.

-All eukaryotic organisms that are not protozoa, chromista, or fungi

-Helminths,

Nemathelminthes, Platyhelminthes

-Arthropods

Myriapoda, Pentastomida, Crustacea, Chelicerata, Insecta.

-Flulike with headache, fever, muscle pain, photophobia, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting

-As erythrocytes rupture toxic cellular debris is released into the circulation

-paroxyms- Chills, fever, and malarial rigors appear in wavee

-tertian- every 48 hours

-Quartan- every third day

Babesia

Physiology and Structure

-Intracellular sporozoan parasites

-Infects deer cattle and rodents

-Transmission by Ixodid Ticks

-Pyriform bodies infect erythrocytes

-Trophozoites reproduce via Binary Fission

-Erythrocyte lyses releasing merozoites

-Cells appear as ring forms (sim to P.fal) but no malarial pigment is seen

Babesia

Epidemiology

-Found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America

-B. microti is disease in US

-Tick is vector and mice, voles, and rodents are the host

-Co-infection with HIV has been noted

Babesia

Clinical, Lab, and Treatment

-Incubation: 1-4 weeks

-malaise, fever, headache, chills, sweating, fatigue, and weakness

-Hemolytic anemia later in infection

-Examination of blood smears (Choice)

-Drug of Choice: Clindamycin w/ quinine

1. Sporzoite

1a. Heptocyte

2. Trophozoite

3. Merozoite 

4. Gametocyte

Malaria, Merozoites per Cell

Vivax=24

Ovale=12

Malariae=8

Falciparum=?, ring form, infection of multiple