Term
| Describe the appearance of a lymphocyte |
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Definition
Large, round, densley staining nucleus with a small amount of pale cytoplasm
(a lymphocyte is a B or T cell) |
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Term
| What is a plasma cell and what does it look like? |
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Definition
a differentiated B cell that produces antibodies
clock face chromatin (looks like a soccer ball)
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Term
| What are the majority of circulating lymphocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between absolute erythrocytosis and relative erythrocytosis? |
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Definition
Absolute= true increase in RBC mass (Polycythemia vera or Secondary erythrocytosis- hypoxia or erythropoietin producing tumors)
Relative= decrease in plasma volume (dehydration) |
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Term
| Name the coagulation factors in the intrinsic coagulation pathway in their order of activation (5) |
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Definition
XIIa→ XIa→IXa (+VIIIa)→Xa
aka
12→11→9(+8)→10 |
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Term
| Name the coagulation factors in the extrinsic coagulation pathway in their order of activation |
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Definition
VII(+thromboplastin)→ VIIa→ X
aka
Factor 7(+thromboplastin)→ Factor 7a→ 10
thromboplastin is aka tissue factor |
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Term
| What's the difference between PTT and PT? |
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Definition
PTT measures coagulation time via the intrinsic pathway.
PT measures coagulation time via the extrinxic pathway. |
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Term
| What are the factors of the common coagulation pathway in order of activation? |
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Definition
Xa(+Va)→ Thrombin→ Fibrin→ Soft clot
Soft clot + XIIIa + Ca2+→ Hard clot |
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Term
| What cleaves and dissolves a hard fibrin clot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pathology causes Hemophilia A? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pathology causes Hemophilia B? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which coagulation factors are synthesized from vitamin K? (4) |
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Definition
Factors 7, 9, 10, and Thrombin
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Term
| What is the action of Heparin? |
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Definition
| Activates antithrombin to inactivate coagulation factors 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, and Thrombin |
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Term
| What is the action of Warfarin? |
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Definition
| Inhibits epoxide reductase, which is necessary to activate vitamin K to use it to make fibrin and coagulation factors 7, 9, and 10 |
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Term
| What activates plasmin from plasminogen to cleave the fibrin mesh? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of Protein C in coagulation? |
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Definition
| It combines with Protein S to cleave and inactivate coagulation factors 5a and 8a. |
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Term
| What is the pathology behind Factor V Leiden mutation? |
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Definition
| A mutant coagulation factor 5 is resistant to cleavage by Protein C |
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Term
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Definition
| When bound to platelets at their GpIb receptor, it helps the platelets to bind more tightly to the site of injury (exposed collagen) |
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Term
| What happens when Fibrinogen binds to GpIIb/IIIa receptors on platelets? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of TXA2 and where does it come from? |
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Definition
| It's released by activated platelets, and it acts to decrease blood flow and increase platelet aggregation |
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