Term
| structures and components of the hematologic system |
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Definition
Bone marrow
Liver
Spleen
Blood
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Clotting factors
Plasma |
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Term
| the primary functions of the hematologic system |
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Definition
| oxygenation and hemostasis |
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Term
| majority of rbcs and plts are produced in the |
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Definition
| vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, pelvis and long bones of the legs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| stiumlates the prodcuaiton of RBCs in the bone marow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| clotting factor and clears old/damaged RBCs form circulation |
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Term
| removes old RBCs form circulation |
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Definition
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Term
| the clear straw colored lfuid that carries the RBCs, platelets and clotting factors thorugh the circulatory system |
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Definition
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Term
| control of bleeding process |
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Definition
Blood vessel constricts; reduces bleeding
Platelets adhere to the injured blood vessel, forming an unstable platelet plug
Coagulation initiated, forming a stable fibrin matrix (scab) |
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Term
| pt with low rbc counts may experience |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pt with low rbc counts often are |
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Definition
| dyspneic or short of breath |
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Term
| pt with low rbc counts can be tachycardic with a heart rate greater than |
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Definition
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Term
| indicats the 02 carrying capacity in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| the percentage of rbcs in whole blood |
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Definition
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Term
| the spleen removes _ from circulation |
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Definition
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Term
| increased WBCs are consistent with |
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Definition
| infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis or leukemic neoplasia |
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Term
| a low WBC count reflects reduced |
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Definition
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Term
| normal plately counts range from |
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Definition
| 140,00 to 440,000 platelts/mm3 |
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Term
| neutrophils increase in the presence of |
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Definition
| acute bacterial infections or trauma |
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Term
| Nursing actions for the patient at Risk for injury from low red blood cell counts |
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Definition
adminster 02 as prescribed
adminsiter blood products as prescribed
administer the hematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin as prescribed
monitor position changes from bed or chair to standing to ensure safety
allow for rest between periods of activity because the patient with anemia can tire easily
elevate the patient's head on pillows for shortness of breath
provide extra blankets if the patient feels too cool
theach the patient and family about the underlying pathophysiology and how to manage the symptoms of anemia |
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Term
| : universal donors because their blood does not contain any of the A, B, or Rh antigens and can safely be given to anyone |
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Definition
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Term
| universal recipients because blood contains the A, B, and Rh antigens; they can safely receive any type of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| platelet transfusions are given when platelets fall below _ or if the pt is _ |
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Definition
| 20,000, actively bleeding |
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Term
| four main types of reactions to blood transfusions |
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Definition
| hemolytic, anaphylactic, febrile, circulatory overload |
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Term
| Naturally occurring hormones that stimulate the bone marrow to produce more blood cells |
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Definition
| colony stimulating factors |
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Term
| Stimulates bone marrow to produce more red blood cells |
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Definition
| erythropoietin and darbepoetin |
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Term
| colony stimulating factors |
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Definition
| erythropietin, darbepoetin, oprelvekin |
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Term
| stimulates the bone marrow to prduce more platelets |
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Definition
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Term
| the liver also manufactures clotting factors such as |
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Definition
| fibrinogen, prothrombin, thromboplastin |
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Term
| control of bleeding when injury occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| _ on the corner of mouth can indicate vitamin deficiencey |
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Definition
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Term
| changes in vital signs that indicate hemotological disorders |
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Definition
| tachypnea, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension |
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Term
| differences in petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis |
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Definition
petechiae: 1-3 mm
purpura: 3mm or more
ecchymosis = bruising |
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Term
| heart rate increases in pt with low RBC count because _ which increases o2 supply |
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Definition
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Term
| _ can become enlarged causing abdominal tenderness |
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Definition
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Term
| ratio for hgb to hct is usually |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 200-400 in adults (<100 is critical) |
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Term
| when giving blood the needle should be |
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Definition
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Term
| for each unit of packed rbc transfused the hgb should increase _ and the hct _ |
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Definition
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