Term
| T/F: in the abscence of splenomegaly, it is difficult to determine if the spleen is responsible for clinical signs. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some differentials for splenomegaly in dogs? |
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Definition
Hematoma
Benign nodular hyperplasia
HSA
Mast cell tumors
Lymphoma
Sarcomas
Splenitis
Splenic congestion
Infection
Immune-mediated disease |
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Term
| T/F: if a dog has generalized splenomegaly, benign processes are more often to blame than neoplasia. |
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Definition
| True. Benign processes make up more than 50%, especially in young dogs. |
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Term
| What are some differentials for splenomegaly in cats? |
|
Definition
Mast cell tumors
Congestion
Hyperplasia
Capsulitis
Extramedullary hyperplasia
Hyperplastic nodules
Lymphoma
Hemangiosarcoma |
|
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Term
| For splenic hemangiosarcomas, where does metastasis often occur? |
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Definition
| Liver, omentum, mesentery |
|
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Term
| For hemangiosarcomas arising in the heart, where does metastasis commonly occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| By what methods do HSA metastasize? |
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Definition
Hematogenous
Transplantation |
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Term
| A splenectomy without additional treatment results in a MST of ____ for HSA. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A splenectomy + doxorubicin treatment (4 or more treatments) results in a MST of ____ in dogs with HSA. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| T/F: few dogs with HSA survive more than 1 year post-op. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The presence of what clinical findings are associated with shorter survival times? |
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Definition
Hemoabdomen
Multiple splenic nodules |
|
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Term
| Cutaneous HSA has a post-surgical MST of ____ years if superficial, ______ months if deeper, and _____ years if doxorubicin is combined with treatment. |
|
Definition
2 years
4-10 months
4 years |
|
|
Term
| ____________ is a malignancy of vascular endothelial cells. |
|
Definition
Hemangiosarcoma
Hemangiosarcomas can arise from anywhere, but most commonly come from subcutaneous tissue, spleen, liver, and right atrium. |
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Term
| HSA has a very aggressive biological behavior with the exception of which form? |
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Definition
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Term
| HSA makes up ___-____% of all canine tumors. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ____% of HSA have metastasis at the time of diagnosis. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ___% of dogs with HSA have concurrent cardiac involvement. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What signalment is most common for hemangiosarcomas? |
|
Definition
Dogs--8-13 years, large breeds
German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, Labs |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with HSA? |
|
Definition
Non-specific lethargy
Weakness
Anorexia
Weight loss
Acute weakness
Sudden collapse/death
Exercise intolerance
Dyspnea
Pallor
Abdominal effusion
Hypovolemic shock
Heart: muffled heart sounds, hypotension, VPCs, tachycardia, other arrhythmias, R heart failure due to cardiac tamponade/ pericardial effusion
*Signs wax and wane* |
|
|
Term
| ____ of dogs with HSA have arrhythmias, most of which resolve within 24-48 hours of splenectomy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diagnostic tests should be run on a dog with suspected HSA? |
|
Definition
CBC, coagulation profile
Cytology
*Abdominal/pericardial tap*
Thoracic radiographs
Abdominal US
Echocardiogram
ECG
UA
*Histopathology required* |
|
|
Term
| What abnormalities will be seen on a CBC for a dog with suspected HSA? |
|
Definition
Anemia (usually regenerative)
Increased nucleated RBC
Polychromasia
Schistocytes
Acanthocytes
Thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
| T/F: up to 1/3 of dogs with HSA have DIC. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chemotherapeutic agent of choice in treatment of HSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiangiogenic compounds target what two angiogenic compounds? |
|
Definition
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) |
|
|
Term
| What agent is administered for metronomic/continuous low-dose chemotherapy in an attempt to minimize mucroscopic disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What NSAID also works to decrease vascular endothelial growth factor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What supplements help inhibit matrix metalloproeases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what canine species is the cutaneous HSA more commonly found? |
|
Definition
Pitbulls
Whippets
Dalmations |
|
|
Term
| What form of HSA is most common in the cat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2/3 of dogs with splenomegaly have cancer, and 2/3 of those cancers are hemangiosarcoma. |
|
|
Term
| Immunohistochemical staining for what factor can help distinguish HSA from other sarcomas? |
|
Definition
| Factor VIII immunohistochemical staining. |
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|
Term
| What are the goals of HSA treatment? |
|
Definition
Control hemorrhage
Slow metastatic disease spread |
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