356-323BC

 -first move as leader was to attack Thebes- NO mercy

     -leader of Macedon Army

     -father: Phillip II m. Olympius

331BC

- Alex. vs. Darius of Perisa

- very outnumbered by Darius

- Darius army fled

- left Persian heartland open to Alex. 

Historian

- aristotles nephew

-he and Alex had a falling out over Alex. demanding honors fit for gods for himself 

Battle of Hydaspes

- Alex vs. King Porus

- found out his cavalry can't be used against the Elephants of Porus (Indian)

- Alex. spared his life because he was so brave

- Alex. last battle

early struggles of the Successors Perdiccas, as regent, upheld the claim of Roxane for Alexander’s unborn son

- was Alex. bodyguard and held the signant ring after his death 

(399-319):Antipater faced revolts in Athens, Aetolia, and Thessaly that made up the Lamian War- after Alexanders death (sent there)

-passed over son: Cassander for Polypherecon instead 

ca. 370 BC - 321 BC,

was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great and one of the successors after his death

-he was alex. secretary and nothing more

- alexanders half brother

- mentally retarted- but still wanted his throne

- Eurydice was his wife

It soon became clear that Philip was too dangerous to be left alive, as many enemies of Olympias saw him as a useful tool against her, and so on December 25 317 BC she had him executed, while his wife was forced to commit suicide.

-they backed Cassander 

-Alex. son- only legitimate heir

- executed with his mother by Cassander- 310BC

one of the successors

-"the one eyed"

-382-301

- he and son Demetirus escape to Greece

-fought series of battles against Eumenes (316+)

- set up the League of Islanders (314)

Lysimachus (c. 361-281 B.C.) was a member of Alexander's Companion cavalry who particularly distinguished himself in India.

- gained control of Thrace 

301 he launched a perfectly timed surprise invasion of Asia Minor, and in the following year effected a junction of his forces with Seleucus to defeat and kill Antigonus at Ipsus

362 BC—316 BC

-was a Greek general and scholar.

He participated in the wars of the successors as a supporter of the Macedonian Argead royal house.

-Silvershields- his great warriors

-betrayed him to antigonus 

  367 BC—283 BC

-one of the successors after Alexanders death

-retained Egpyt

-set up of "savior cults"

-set up the great library in Alexandria

"Successor"

the term given to the war of those after Alexanders death 

-greek city states following Athens revolt against Macedonia

-right after Alexanders death

-"Rebel War" 

Alex. niece

-marries Phillip Arrihedaus (the 1/2 brother)

- took on her new regal name: Eurydice 

It was the place where the "Treaty of Triparadisus" occurred, in which Alexander the Great's Empire was divided between his generals in 321 BC.

Macedonian empire was divided in 323 BC (the "Partition of Babylon"), Seleucus was given the office of chiliarch, which attached him closely to the regent Perdiccas. Subsequently, Seleucus had a hand in the murder of Perdiccas during the latter's unsuccessful invasion of Egypt in 321 BC.

- held babylon for himself and est. the Seleucid Empire

Antipater succumbed to old age

. On his death bed, he made Polyperchon regent and supreme commander; Antipater's son Cassander was to be his vizier.

-Polyperchon was almost powerless, but he still controlled parts of the Peloponnese, and could still claim that he was, officially, the regent of the boy king Alexander and his mother Roxane

315BC

-Eumenes v.Antigonous

-E:used his 'silvershields'

A:used his elephants and their dust as cover

E:won

A:managed to capture E wife and children

E:betrayed by army and is killed by A 

-were a division of the Macedonian army of Alexander the Great, who were so called because they carried shields covered with silver plates

-after Alex death these men follwed Eumenes 

314BC

-Antigonous attempts to win support of Gr. City States

-proclaims himself legit. ruler of the monarchy

- gives autonomy to them (propoganda) 

-the concept of using ones own laws

- in charge of internal afairs

-not a foreign policy 

-our right freedom

- but includes concept that city state has full control of foreign relations 

314 BC

-aimed against Ptolemy

-set up by Antigonous

"the city sacker"

antigonous's son

-invades Athens- initially good- turns bad

-sacks cities 

312 BC

-syria left in control of Demetrius

-Ptolemy/Seleucus decide to invade

- elephants used

-P.S were successful 

308BC

-selucus campagined against him

-he started the Indian Dynasty of Mauryan

-lost war but retained some land 

306BC

-naval battle

-antigonous v. Ptolomey

-demetrius commanded anti fleet (successful)

-antig/dem claim royal title

305 BC

-deme/antig upset over its alliance with egypt -demands end

-leads to siege

- where dem earned the title of city sacker 

-Helepolis used 

301 BC

-cassander+selucus+lysumicus VS. Antig+Demet

-CSL: war elephants

A:killed in this battle

D:escapes with some troops

-land broken up after the battle:L-asia minor

S-syria, asia minor

Pto-syria 

Demetrius protege.

-acts as a hostage at Ptolemys court and to ensure Dem. good behaviour

- marries Ptolemies step-daughter

Lysemachus wife

-fled from Seleucus

Marries Ptolemy C. 

-he kills her kids

-she flees to her/his brother Ptolemy II -Philidelphius get married 

Battle of Corupedium

281BC

-Lysemachus V. Seleucus

-L:dies

S:drafter L soldiers into his army 

son of Ptolemy I

-overlooked for thrown

- killed seleucus

-married 1/2 sister arisone (Lysimichus widow)

-she leaves him and marries her brother Philidelpphus (his bro. too)-the sister lover 

"knock-kneed"

-Demetrius the City Sackers son

-main benefactor from Ceraunus death

-rules until 230BC 

-associated with the Ptolemaic Ruler Cult

-worships Ptolemy I and Berenice 

"sibling gods"

-Ptolemy II and Arsinoe are to worshipped as such

-first time living people are seen being worshipped as gods 

God of healing

-seen with a serpent wrapped around a staf 

egyptian goddess

egyptian god

-created by Ptolemy to concilliate the Gr. subjects with egypt

-the equivilent of Zeus 

267-261BC

-  Greek states, most notably Athens and Sparta, for a restoration of their former independence along with the Ptolemaic desire to stir up discontent within the sphere of influence of its Macedonian rival.

367 BC

-fixed political assembly

- if you are in league you receive: dual citizenship

-held voting power

-alliance of 12 small cities in peloponese

-Aratus was the general elect 245BC 

245BC

elected Strategous of Acheaon leg.

Clayomanis half brother

co-ruler (227BC)

-Sparta

235BC takes over Sparta

-returns Sparta to Lygurgean Laws

-redistribution of land

was king of Macedon from 229 BC-221 BC.

-Antigonus supported Aratus of Sicyon and the Achaean League against Aetolian League and Cleomenes III, king of Sparta.

-Antigonus defeated Cleomenes III in Battle of Sellasia, 222 BC. Antigonus died during a battle against the Illyrians. He died when one of his veins burst as he was shouting support for his men.

222BC

-Sparta was defeated

- Cleomenes flees

-Anti and Macedonia march on Sparta

Ptolemy II

(Philadelphus) 

"the sister-lover" 

Ptolemy's main achievements were to improve state control over Egyptian agriculture.

-had state consider him a god

-"sibling gods" him and his wife 

-fought in the Syrian wars  -7 wars total

-"the benefactor"

-fighting between egypt and seleucid empire 

third war btw. Egypt and Syria

- (246-241BC)

advances all the way to babylon

-has to return to egyt-due to native revolt (245) 

about Ptolemy

-real or exaggerated account of his life 

city in egypt

first set up by Alezander

housed a library and museum

center of great culture

-royal capital set up by Ptolemy

-city divided up into quaters:

-royal quater

-egyptian quater

-rest of city(macedonian/greek)

-the lighthouse/market 

"districts"

used in Alexandria by Ptolemy

-royal/jewish

-greek/macedonia

-lighthouse

-egyptian 

a specialised type of colony established by Athens.

-The settlers or cleruchs would retain their Athenian citizenship and the community remained a political dependency of Athens.

Soter- Savior

- 281 - 261 BC.

- Seleucus I is his father

- At the end of 275 BC the question of Coele-Syria, which had been open between the houses of SeleucusPtolemy since the partition of 301 BC, led to hostilities (the First Syrian War). It had been continuously in Ptolemaic occupation, but the house of Seleucus maintained its claim. and

her stepson Antiochus was deeply enamoured of her, and Seleucus, in 294 BC gave up Stratonice in marriage to the young prince, whom he at the same time constituted king of the eastern provinces.²

The union seems to have been a prosperous one, but we find little subsequent mention of Stratonice.

343-246 BC

king of Pergamon 

• Eumenes I of Pergamon  Pergamon in Asia Minor from 263 BC until his death in 241 BC¹. He was the son of Eumenes, the brother of Philetaerus, 
• Although nominally under Seleucid control, Pergamon under Philetaerus enjoyed considerable autonomy
• revolted, defeating the Seleucid king Antiochus I near the Lydian capital of Sardis in 261 BC.

• 269 BC – 197 BC
• - ruled Pergamon
• -Attalus won an important victory over the Galatians, newly arrived Celtic tribes from Thrace,
  
•  This victory, celebrated by the triumphal monument at Pergamon, famous for its Dying Gaul, and the liberation from the Gallic "terror" which it represented,
  
• earned for Attalus the name of "Soter", and the title of "king."
• A courageous and capable general and loyal ally of Rome, he played a significant role in the first and second Macedonian Wars, waged against Philip V of Macedon

originally built in the 2nd century BC in the Ancient Greek city of Pergamon

-modern north ahganistan