Term
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Definition
| the area on the anterior chest overlying the heart and great vessels. the great vessels are themajor arteries and veins connected to the heart. |
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Definition
| where the heart and the great vessels are located between the lungs in the midle third of the thoracic cage |
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Definition
| the bottom of the heart, and you are hearing this part of the heart when listening to apical pulse |
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Definition
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Definition
| lie bunched above the base of the heart. |
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Term
| Superior and inferior vena cava |
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Definition
| return unoxygenated venous blood to the right side of the heart |
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Term
| Pulmonary artery and Vein |
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Definition
| this artery leaves the right ventricle, bifurcates, and carries the veonous blood to the lungs. This vein returns the freshly oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| carried oxygenated blood out of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| The muscular wall of ht eheart, it does the pumping |
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Term
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Definition
| think layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the heart chambers and valves |
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Term
| What side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and what side pumps it to the body? |
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Definition
Right side Lungs
Left side heart |
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Term
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Definition
| thin-walled reservoir for holding blood |
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Term
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Definition
| thick-walled is the muscular pumping chamber |
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Term
| what are the 4 chambers of the heart? |
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Definition
| right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle |
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Term
What are the 4 valves of the heart?
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Definition
Atrioventricular valves separates the atria and the ventricles, the right AV valve is the Tricuspid and the left AV valve is the bicuspid or mitral
Semilunar valves are set between the ventricles and the arteries. the SL vavles are the pulmonic on the right side, and the aortic on the left side |
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Term
| When do the AV valves open, and when do the SL valves open? |
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Definition
| open during diastole, open during systole |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricles relax and fill with blood. Takes up 2/3 of the cardiac cycle. AV valves are open, the pressure in the atria is higher than in the ventricles so blood pours rapidly into the ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood is pumped fromthe ventricles and fills the pulmonary and systemic arteries. this is 1/3 of the cardiac cycle. ventricular pressure is finally higher than that in the atria, so the mitral and ricuspid valves swing shut. AV valves close and prevent regurgitation of blood back up into the atria. |
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Term
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Definition
occurs with closure of the AV valves and thus signals the beginning of systole. usually heard loudest at the apex.
S1 is lounder than S2 at the apex
S1 coincides with Rwave on electrocardiogram |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs with closure of the semilunar valves and signals the end of systole. |
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Term
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Definition
during inspiration intrathoracic pressure is decreased. increasing venous return to the right side of the heart, wihc increases right ventricular stroke volume.
on the left side, a greata amount of bllood is sequestered in the lungs durning inspiration. momentarily decreases the amount returned to the left side of the heart decreasing left ventricular stroe volume
remember: MoRe to the Right heart, Less to the Left heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the entricles are resistant to filling during the early rapid filling phase. occurs immediately after S2 when the AV vales open and atrial blood first pours into the ventricles. Sounds like a vibration |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs at the end of diastole, when the ventricle is resistant to filling. also creates vibrations and occurs just before S1 |
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Term
| condtions resulting in a murmur |
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Definition
- Velocity of blood increases
- viscosity of blood decreases
- structural defects in the valves
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Term
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Definition
| gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that can be heard on the chest wall. |
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Term
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Definition
1. fequency (pitch)
2.intensity (loudness)
3.Duration-very short for heart sounds, silent periods are longer
4. timing- systole or diastole
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Term
| How many liters of blood per minute does the body pump throught the body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| strock volume times the number of beats per minute |
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Term
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Definition
| venous return that builds during diastole. it is the length to which the ventricular muscle is tretched at the end of diastole just before contraction. the greater the stretch the stronger heart contracrtion |
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Term
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Definition
| opposing pressure the ventricoels must generate to opeen the aoric valve against the higher aortic pressure. |
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Definition
| central artery, located in the groove between the trachea and the sternomastoid muscle, medial to and alongside the muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| empty unoxygenated blood directly into the superior vena cava. gives info about the activity on the right side of the heart. |
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Term
| Subjective data of patient |
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Definition
chest pain- any chest pain or tightnesss?
dyspnea: any shortness of breath?
orthophnea: how many pillows do you sleep with?
cough: do you have a cough?
fatigue: do you seem to tire easily?
edema: any swelling of your feet?
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Term
| objective data of patient |
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Definition
carotid arteries- palpate ausculatate for bruit
jugular veins- inspect the pulse, estimate the venous pressure
precordium- inspect the anterior chest, palpate the apical impulse, palpate across the percordium
Identify S1 and S2 |
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Term
| Auscultation- areas where you listen |
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Definition
second right interspace- aotic valve area
second left interspace-pulmonic valve area
left lower sternal boarder-tricuspid valve area
fifth interspace at around left midclavicular line- mitral valve area |
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Term
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Definition
| this is a normal phenomenon that occurs towars the end of inspiration in some people. instead of one DUP you hear a split sounds T-DUP. heard only in the pulmonic valve area, the second left interspace |
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Term
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Definition
| althought this is systolic it is not an ejection click. it is associated with mitral valve prolapse in which the mitral valve leaflets not only close with contractino but ballow back up into the left atrium. Short high pitch |
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Term
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Definition
| early in systole at the start of ejection beacuase it results from opening of the semilunar valves. short high pitch, with a click quality, and heard best with the diaphram |
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Term
| aortic prosthetic valve sounds |
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Definition
| sequela of modern technologic intervention of heart problems. ball-in-cage |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of stenosis increasingly higher atrial pressure is required to open the valve. so deform valve opens with a noise. it is sharp and high pitched |
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Term
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Definition
| when both the S3 and S4 are present, a quadruple rhythm is heard |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the precordium gives rise to this. the sound is high pitched and scratchy like sandpaper. its best heard with diaphram |
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Term
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Definition
| in the second and third right interspace occurs with sever aortic stenosis an systemic hypertension. takes more pressure to pump it up |
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Term
| Lift (heave) at the sternal border |
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Definition
| occurs with right ventriclar hypertrophy, as found in pulmonic valve disease, pulmonic hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal opening in the atrial septum, resulting usually in left to right shunt and causing alrge increase in pulmonary blood flow |
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Term
| Ventricluar septal defect |
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Definition
| abnormal opening in septum between the ventricles, usually subaortic area. the size and exact postion vary considerably |
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