Term
| Heart Disease is the #1 cause of death worldwide, what percentage of deaths in the US are Heart Disease Related? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal size of heart in women? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal size of heart in men? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does most coronary blood flow: Systole or Diastole ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some markers for CHF? |
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Definition
| ANP and BNP (Atrial and Brain Natriuretic peptides) |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of Left Heart failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Heart failure cells? |
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Definition
| Siderophages- Macrophages in the Lung that take up the blood that leaks out (stain for iron) |
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Term
| What is the function of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide? |
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Definition
| Decrease blood volume, released when atria dilate. |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of Right Heart Failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| NEck Vein Distention is associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Endocardial cushion defects and AV septal defects are associated with? |
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Definition
| Down Syndrome (trisomy 21)-Most common genetic cause of congenital heart disease |
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Term
| What causes a left-to-right shunt to switch directions? |
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Definition
| Eventual pulmonary hypertension reverses the shunt. |
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Term
| What is a possible complication seen with a Right-to-left shunt such as Patent Foramen Ovale? |
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Definition
| Paradoxical Emboli, Cyanosis, clubbing, polycythemia |
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Term
| The severity of symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot is based on which specific defect? |
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Definition
| Severity of Pulmonary Stenosis |
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Term
| How can a Patient with Pulmonary Valve Atresia survive? |
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Definition
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Septal Defect |
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Term
| Coarctation of the Aorta is associated with? |
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Definition
| Men (2:1) and Turner Syndrome |
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Term
| A Male child that is born is cyanotic in his lower body. What is the diagnosis? |
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Definition
| Coarctation of the Aorta with a Patent Ductus Arteriosus |
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Term
| A 25 year old adult male comes in for a checkup and is found to have a very weak pulse and a low Blood Pressure in his lower limbs but hypertension in his upper limbs. X-Ray shows Costal Notching. What Congenital abnormality was this man born with? |
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Definition
| Coarctation of Aorta distal to the Arch Vessels without a patent ductus arteriosus |
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Term
| What percent of cardiovascular deaths are due to Ischemic heart disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sudden cardiac death is most likely due to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unstable angina occurs when a major heart vessel is occluded by what percent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stable angina occurs when a major heart vessel is occluded by what percent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prinzmetal Angina is caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| After an MI, at what point is coagulative necrosis present? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cutoff time for thrombolytic therapy? |
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Definition
| 4 hours, damage is permanent if tissue is un/under-perfused in 2-4 hours |
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Term
| What vascular branch is most commonly thrombosed in a MI? |
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Definition
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Term
| CK-MB peaks at what time? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do we no longer see elevated CK-MB levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long can troponin levels be elevated after an MI? |
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Definition
| peak in 2 days and remain elevated for 7-10 days |
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Term
| Myocardial rupture occurs most often how many days after MI? |
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Definition
| Days 3-7 when heart is "softest" |
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Term
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Definition
| trouble "opening" with impedance of blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to close completely (regurgitation) |
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Term
| What causes functional regurgitation? |
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Definition
| Ventricular dilation- papillary muscles pull normal valve leaflets down and out |
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Term
| Rheumatic Heart Disease most commonly affects which valve? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Acquired" bicuspid Aortic Valve results from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest risk with Mitral Annular Calcification? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for Myxomatous Degeneration of the Mitral Valve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mitral Valve Prolapse is associated with what disease? |
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Definition
| Marfan, other connective tissue diseases |
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Term
| When a doctor listens to a patients heart, he hears a click mid systole. What is the problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient presents with Migratory Polyarthritis in his Knees then his Ankles, and he has also had uncontrolled rapid movements of his arms and legs and a fever. The patient states that he recently had a diagnosed strep infection. What is happening? |
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Definition
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Term
| At autopsy, a patients mitral valve shows stenosis that resembles a fish mouth or buttonhole. What is this associated with? |
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Definition
| Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease |
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Term
| What is the most common overall cause of infective endocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of infective endocarditis in IV DRUG ABUSERS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of patients die from Acute endocarditis even with treatment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis is associated with? |
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Definition
| Mucin producing tumors of the colon or pancreas cause a procoagulative state. |
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Term
| Libman-Sacks Endocarditis is? |
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Definition
| Vegetations located on the underside of heart valves, associated with SLE |
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Term
| Common cause of sudden death in young athletes? |
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Definition
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy can have many causes, name 2. |
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Definition
| Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis, Radiation, metastases |
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Term
| What is the most common viral cause of Myocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In central and south america what is the most common cause of myocarditis whith leads to CHF? |
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Definition
| Chagas Disease (Trypansoma Cruzi) |
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Term
| Common cause of sudden death in young athletes? |
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Definition
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy can have many causes, name 2. |
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Definition
| Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis, Radiation, metastases |
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Term
| What is the most common viral cause of Myocarditis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In central and south america what is the most common cause of myocarditis whith leads to CHF? |
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Definition
| Chagas Disease (Trypansoma Cruzi) |
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