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Health Science final cards (2nd sem)
These are cards for the sec. sem final at FBS
156
Science
8th Grade
05/22/2011

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Cards

Term
Diagnose
Definition
To identify or distinguish through examination
Term
Prescribe
Definition
To recommend a treatment or medicine as a remedy
Term
Prescription drugs
Definition
Medication obtained with the written consent of a doctor
Term
Nonprescription drugs
Definition
Medication legally sold to the consumer without a prescription
Term
Symptom
Definition
Evidence or sign of a condition
Term
Second Opinion
Definition
To seek a doctors diagnosis and prescription for treatment
Term
Disease
Definition
Something that hinders the body from working properly
Term
Infectious Disease
Definition
Any disease that can be spread through person to person
Term
Noninfectious Disease
Definition
Any disease that cannot be spread person to person
Term
Pathogens
Definition
Organisms that cause disease
Term
Bacteria
Definition
Unicellular microorganisms 
Term
Viruses
Definition
A pathogen composed of a nucleac acid wrapped in a protein shell
Term
Vectors
Definition
Animals which transport pathogens
Term
Mucus Membrains
Definition
Layers of cell that screat mucus
Term
Cilia
Definition
Hairlike structures that trap pathogens
Term
Inflamation
Definition
Localized heat, swelling, and redness
Term
Fever
Definition
Increase in body temperature
Term
Antibodies
Definition
Protein substances that produce imunity
Term
Immunity
Definition
Resistance to a specific pathogen
Term
Vaccination
Definition
Introduces week cells of a disease to develop imunity
Term
Exposure
Definition
Stage of infection when the pathogen is transmitted to the host
Term
Incubation
Definition
Time between exposure and appearance of sickness
Term
Outbreak
Definition
During which the symptoms of disease appear
Term
Convalesence
Definition
Time between outbreak and renewed health
Term
Hepititus
Definition
Disease which the liver starts to inflamate
Term
Jaundice
Definition
Yellow discoloration of the skin
Term
Carriers
Definition
Organisms that harbor pathogens without exhibiting illness
Term
STD's
Definition
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Term
Sterility
Definition
The inability to reproduce
Term
Cardiovascular Disease
Definition
A disease of the heart, or blood vessles
Term
Congenital Heart Disease
Definition
Heart disease present at birth
Term
Artherosclerosis
Definition
Fat deposits build up on the arterial walls
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
Fat deposits build up on the arterial walls
Term
Angina Pectoris
Definition
Pain in the chest due to lack of oxygen to the heart
Term
Heart Failure
Definition
When the heart cannot pump enough blood
Term
Arrhythmia
Definition
An alteration of the heart's rythem
Term
Fibrillation
Definition
Irregular twitching of the heart muscle
Term
Thrombus
Definition
A blood clot found in the heart
Term
Embolus
Definition
A blood clot that moves through the circulatory system
Term
Cerebral Hemorage
Definition
Stroke
Term
Anuerysm
Definition
A blood vessel in the brain that stretches like a balloon the it goes pop
Term
Blood Presure
Definition
To force the blood exerts on the arterial walls
Term
Hypertension
Definition
High blood pressure
Term
Sphgmomanometer
Definition
Measures blood pressure
Term
Systole
Definition
Pressure in the arteries when the ventricals contract
Term
Diastole
Definition
Pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are between beats
Term
Cancer
Definition
A group of diseases in which abnormal cells multiply and spread
Term
Tumor
Definition
A tissue mass formed from the multiplication of abnormal cells
Term
Benign Tumor
Definition
Noncancerous tumor
Term
Malignant Tumor
Definition
Cancerous tumor
Term
Metastasis
Definition
The spreading of cancer
Term
Carcinogen
Definition
Anything that causes cancer
Term
Diebeties
Definition
A disease that tampers with the production of insulin
Term
Hygiene
Definition
Practices that help prevent disease
Term
Epidermis
Definition
The outer most layer of the skin
Term
Dermis
Definition
The thick inner layer of skin just beneath the epidermis
Term
Hypodermis
Definition
The inner most layer of the skin
Term
Sebaceous glands
Definition
Oil glands
Term
Collagen
Definition
A fibrous protein characterized by strength and flexibility
Term
Keratin
Definition
A strong fibrous protein that fills the epidermal cells
Term
Albanism
Definition
The inability of an organism to sufficiently produce melanin (a trait passed through a recessive gene).
Term
Sebum
Definition
  A mixture of fats, cholesterol, proteins, and salts secreted by the sebaceous glands.
Term
Acne
Definition
Skin disorder in which the sebaceous gland are plugged with sebum or infection causing the area to become inflamed.
Term
Cosmetic
Definition
Any article that is put on the body to cleanse, beautify, promote attractiveness, or alter the appearance without changing the body structure or function
Term
Sunscreen
Definition
A substance which protects from the effects of the sun
Term
SPF
Definition
The rated ability of a sunscreen to protect from the rays of the sun
Term
Deoderant
Definition
A substance which reduces odor by killing odor-causing bacteria
Term
Antiperspirant
Definition
A substance which decreases the amount of perspiration where it is applied
Term
Dandruff
Definition
A condition of the scalp in which flakes of dead skin are shed
Term
Alopecia
Definition
The loss of hair
Term
Manicure
Definition
The procedure used in caring for the hands and fingernails
Term
Pedicure
Definition
The procedure used in caring for the feet and toenails
Term
Occlusion
Definition
The way the upper and lower teeth fit together
Term
Malocclusion
Definition
A condition in which the upper and lower teeth do not fit together properly
Term
Orthodontist
Definition
A dentist trained in methods used to straighten teeth
Term
Deciduous Teeth
Definition
The first or primary set of teeth; baby teeth
Term
Permanent Teeth
Definition
The second set of teeth, which replace deciduous teeth
Term
Crown
Definition
The top layer of the tooth
Term
Dental Carries
Definition
Tooth decay
Term
Cavities
Definition
Holes in the enamel of the tooth produced by tooth decay which expose the dentin or pulp cavity
Term
Drug
Definition
Any chemicle or substance that changes bodily functions
Term
Psycoactive
Definition
A drug that can produce changes in the activity of the central nerveous system and affects behaviour, perception, and mood
Term
Medicines
Definition
Drugs used to fight disease or to releive pain
Term
Side Effects
Definition
a different, unknown, or undesireable reaction to a drug or medicine
Term
Generic Drug
Definition
A drug with the same active ingredients as name brands but which may have different inactive ingredients
Term
Drug Misuse
Definition
Taking of a drug for the intended purpose, but not using the amount, frequency, or manner that is prescribed
Term
Drug Abuse
Definition
Repeatedly misusing medicines or using drugs for a purpose or matter that could damage the body
Term
Physical Dependence
Definition
The desire for a drug resulting from a physical need by the body
Term
Addiction
Definition
Physical dependence on a drug
Term
Withdrawl
Definition
Illness and a variety of symptoms resulting from ceasing the use of an addictive drug
Term
Tolerence
Definition
The physical resistence of the body to drugs, resulting in the need for more of the drug to get the same effect
Term
Psychological Dependence
Definition
The desire for a drug resulting from a physical need by the body for a drug
Term
Euphoria
Definition
A feeling of well being
Term
Stimulants
Definition
A category of drugs which speeds up the action of the central nervous system
Term
Cocain
Definition
A stimulant drug extracted from the leaves of the cocoa plant
Term
Amphetamines
Definition
A stimulant drug which increases levels of activity, and suppresses hunger and fatigue
Term
Caffine
Definition
A mild stimulant found in some beverages and foods
Term
Depressants
Definition
A category of drug which slows the  action of the central nervous system
Term
Barbituates
Definition
Strong depressant drugs that can lead to both physical and psycological dependence
Term
Sedatives
Definition
Depresant drugs which slow the body's systems
Term
Narcotics
Definition
Depressant drug which are mad from the sap of the opium poppy
Term
Hallocinogens
Definition
A category of drugs which alter the senses
Term
Marijuana
Definition
A hallucinogen made form the Indian hemp plant
Term
Hashish
Definition
A halocinogen drug made form the resins from the flowing tops of marijuana
Term
Flashbacks
Definition
Recurrences of a drug's effects although th drug is not being used
Term
Inhalants
Definition
Substances breathed into the body through respiration
Term
Blood-Alcohol Concentration
Definition
The relative amount of ethanol in a person's blood stream
Term
Intoxicated
Definition
Drunk
Term
Fibrosis
Definition
Scaring of tissue liver
Term
Cirrhosis
Definition
Disease inwhich the liver cells harden, turn orange, and die
Term
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Definition
Mental retardation patterns in a child due to mother's drinking alcohol while pregers
Term
Inhibition
Definition
The ability of the mind to make judgements and to promote correct actions
Term
The Hangover
Definition
The effec of alcohol on the body followin intoxication
Term
Alcoholic
Definition
A person dependent on alcohol
Term
Abstinence
Definition
Choosing not to drink alcoholic beverages
Term
Nicotine
Definition
A colorless, oily poison that is found in tobacco leaves
Term
Tar
Definition
Particles other than nicotine and moisture that are present in cigarette smoke
Term
Bronchitis
Definition
A lung disease in which the tubes of the lungs become irritated and diseased
Term
Emphysema
Definition
A cronic lung disease in which the alvioli are damaged
Term
Fetus
Definition
An unborn child
Term
Misscarriage
Definition
When a fetus dies of natural causes prior to birth
Term
Stillbirth
Definition
The death of a fetus or child at birth
Term
Passive Smoke
Definition
Cigarette smoke produced by others inhaled by a nonsmoker
Term
Mainstream Smoke
Definition
Smoke inhailec and exhailed by a smoker
Term
Sidestream smoke
Definition
Smoke that comes directly from the end of a lit cigarette
Term
Environmental Tobacco
Definition
Smoke that remains in an area of air
Term
Smokelcess Tobacco
Definition
Tobacco products that aren't smoked
Term
Leukoplakia
Definition
A white thickened area of irritation that's caused by tobacco
Term
Pollutants
Definition
Potentially harmful substances
Term
Polution
Definition
The introduction of pollutants into the environment
Term
Atmosphere
Definition
The gaseous envelope which surrounds the earth
Term
Ozone
Definition
Gas composed of three oxygen atoms O3
Term
EPA
Definition
A governmental agency set up by the United states to set and Enforce standards for proper care of the environment
Term
Greenhouse gases
Definition
Gases which appear to trap heat in the earth's atmosphere
Term
Greenhouse effect
Definition
The process of the earth's surface absorbing the sun's radiation
Term
Deforestation
Definition
The removal of trees, forests, jungles, and rain forests
Term
Radon
Definition
A colorless, odorless, tasteless, radioactive gas that results from the disintegration of radium
Term
Primary Air Pollutants 
Definition
Air pollutants that result from natural or human actions
Term
Secondary Air Pollutants
Definition
Air pollutants that result from a chemical reaction between components found in air and various primary pollutants
Term
Photochemical Smog
Definition
A secondary air pollutant produced from primary air pollutants in a reaction requiring energy input from sunlight
Term
Particulates
Definition
Minute pieces of liquids or solids suspended in the air
Term
Industrial Smog
Definition
Particulates combining with sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid in the air
Term
Thermal Inversion
Definition
Situation in which cool air and pollutants are trapped beneath a warm layer of air
Term
Sewage
Definition
Water that is polluted with waste products from bathrooms and kitchens
Term
Thermal Plollution
Definition
The release of heated water into the environment
Term
Sediment
Definition
Earth materials suspended in or deposited in water
Term
Leaching
Definition
The removal of soluble substances such as minerals or chemicals as water seeps or filters through the soil 
Term
Acid Rain
Definition
The combination of gases with moisture in the air to form an acid
Term
Conserve
Definition
To use less of a resource
Term
Solid Waste
Definition
The solid portion of waste
Term
Biodegradable
Definition
The trait of a material to be decomposed by living organisms
Term
Hazardous Waste
Definition
Dangerous waste products that can be in solid, liquid, or gas form
Term
Open Dump
Definition
A form of disposing of solid waste by depositing it in a pile
Term
Sanitary Landfill
Definition
A method of disposing solid waste by depositing it in an area and daily covering it with soil
Term
Incineration
Definition
Burning solid waste at high temperatures
Term
Recycle
Definition
To process waste materials so they can be resused
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