Term
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Definition
forms a strip extending the length of teh midline and its edge is often palpable
the muscles protect and hold the organs in place and they flex the vertebral column |
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Definition
| organs that maintain a characteristic shape |
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Definition
| liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, and uterus |
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Definition
| the shape depends on the contents |
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Definition
| stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon and bladder |
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Definition
soft mass of lymphatic tissue on the posterolateral wall of the abdominal cavity, immediately under the diaphragm
-- can live without a spleen |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| retroperitoneal, or posterior to the abdominal contents |
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Term
| costovertebral angle (CVA) |
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Definition
| the twelfth rib forms an angle with the vertebral column |
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Definition
| at the 11th and 12th ribs |
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Term
| where is the right kidney |
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Definition
| 1-2 cm LOWER than the left and sometimes may be palpable |
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Definition
| area between the costal margins |
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Definition
| area around teh umbilicus |
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Definition
| area above teh pubic bone |
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Definition
liver
gallbladder
duodenum
head of pancreas
right kidney and adrenal
hepatic flexure of colon
part of ascending and transverse colon |
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Term
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Definition
stomach
spleen
left lobe of liver
body of the pancreas
left kidney and adrenal
splenic flexure of colon
part of transverse and descending colon |
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Definition
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Definition
part of descending colon
sigmoid colon |
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Definition
aorta
bladder (if distended)
uterus (if enlarged) |
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Term
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Definition
| cause is unknown may be due to hormone changes such as the production of hCG |
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Term
| what happens to aging adults |
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Definition
- salivation decreasea --> dry mouth, decreased taste
- esophageal emptying is delayed --> increased risk for aspiration
-gastric acid secretion decreases --> anemia, malabsorption of calcium
- liver size decreases by 25% but function remains normal; drug metabolism by the liver is impaired
-constipation |
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Definition
a serious psychosocial disorder that includes loss of appetite, voluntary starvation, and grave weight loss.
denial
distorted body image
family problem involving control issues |
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Definition
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Definition
1) rupture peptic ulcer
2) diverticulum
3) ruptured appendix |
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| how does a normal abdomen present |
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Definition
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Definition
lineae albicantes -- silvery white, linear, jagged marks about 1-6 cm long
reent striae are pink then they turn silvery white |
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Definition
slightly (gas)
moderately
greatly (pregnant) |
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Term
| how to note surgical stars |
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Definition
| draw location on persons record indicating length in cm |
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Term
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Definition
| begin in RLQ at ileocecal valve because bowel sounds are normally always present here |
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Definition
loud, high pitched rushing tinkling sounds that signal increased motility
--gastroenteritis |
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Term
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Definition
| follow abdominal surgery or with inflammation of the peritoneum (peritonitis) |
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Definition
when you feel your stomach growl
borborygums |
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Term
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Definition
| a pulsatile blowing sound and occurs with stenosis or occlusion of an artery |
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Term
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Definition
percuss lightly in all four quadrants to determine the prevailing amount of tympany and dullness
move clockwise
should predominate because air in the intestines rises to the surface when person is supine |
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Term
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Definition
begin in the area of lung resonance, and percuss down the interspaces until the sound changes to a dull quality. mark the spot. usually at 5th intercostal
find abdominal tympany and percuss up in the midclavicular line
mark where sound changes from tympany to dull normally at right costal margin |
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Term
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Definition
correlates with the height of the person
males have a large liver span than females of the same height
the mean liver span is 10.5 cm to 7 cm for females |
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Term
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Definition
bigger liver:
cirrhosis
hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
| oral-fecal, raw oysters, bad sewage ares |
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Term
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Definition
| transmitted in all body fluids (can lead to liver failure) |
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Definition
| IV uses leading reason for liver transplant |
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Definition
| often spleen is obscured by stomach contents, but you may locate it by percussing for a dull note from the 9th to 11th intercostal space just behind left midaxillary line |
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Term
| costovertebral angle tenderness |
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Definition
to assess the kidney, place one hand over the 12th rib at the cva on the back; thump that hand with the ulnar edge of your fist
person normally feels a thud but no pain |
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Definition
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Definition
test for a fuid wave by standing on the person's right side
place ular edge of anotehr examiner's hand on abdominal midline
place your left hand on the person's right flank
with your right hand reach across the abdomen and give the left flank a firm strike |
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Term
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Definition
occurs with heart failure
portal hypertension
cirrhosis
hepatitis,
pancreatitis
cancer |
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Term
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Definition
in a supine person, ascitic fluid settles by gravity into the flanks
displaceing the air filled bowel upward
you will hear a tympanic note as you percuss ver the top of the abdomen because gas-filled intestines float over the fluid
if fluid is present, the note will change from tympany to dull as you reach its level |
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Term
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Definition
with the first 4 fingers close together, depress the skin about 1 cm
make a gentle rotary motion, sliding the fingers and skin togetehr
then lift the fingers and move clockwise to the next location around the abdomen |
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Term
| what are you looking for with light palpation |
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Definition
muscle guarding
rigidity
large masses
tenderness |
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Term
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Definition
occurs when the person is cold, tense or ticklish
it is bilateral and you will feel the muscles relax slightly during exhalation
if rigidity persists after relaxation measures it is probably involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
| a constant, boardlike hardness of teh muscles, it is a protective mechanism accompanying acute inflammation of teh peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
board-like abdomen
rigidity
baskeball abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| use the same technique described earlier, but push down about 5-8 cm |
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Term
| hooking technique for palpating liver |
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Definition
hook your finger over the costal margin from above ask the person to take a deep breath
try to feel the liver edge bump your fingertips |
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Term
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Definition
| normally the spleen is not plpable and must be enlarged three times its normal size to be felt |
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Term
| enlargement of teh spleen |
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Definition
occurs with mononucleosis, trauma, leukemias, and lymphomas
if you feel an enlarged spleen, refer the person, but do not continue to palpate it |
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Term
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Definition
placing your hands togther in a duck bill position at the person's right flank
ask the person to take a deep breath. in most people you will feel no change |
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Definition
| sits 1 cm higher than the right kidney and is not palpable normally |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| rebound tenderness/ blumberg sign |
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Definition
choose a site away from the painful area. hold your hand 0- degrees
push down and deeply, then lift up
this makes structures that are indented y palpation reboud
a normal or NEGATIVE response is NO pain |
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Term
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Definition
pain on release of pressure
inflammation accompanies appendicitis |
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Term
| inspiratory arrest (murphy sign) |
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Definition
normally palpating the liver causes no pain
in a person with inflammation of the GALLBLADDER (cholecystitis) pain occurs
hold your fingers under the liver border
ask person to take a deep breath, a normal response is no pain |
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Term
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Definition
| person feels sharp pain and abruptly stops inspiration midway |
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Term
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Definition
perform the test when the acute abdominal pain of appendicitis is suspected
with the person supine, lift the right leg straight up, flexing the hip
then push down over the lower part of the right thigh as the person tries to hold the leg up
when negative person feels no change |
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Term
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Definition
pain is felt in the right lower quadrant
occurs with inflamed or perforated appendix |
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Term
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Definition
| another technique that stretches the obturator musce, does not work to diagnose appendicitis |
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Term
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Definition
single curve,
everted umbilicus
bulging flanks when supine |
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Term
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Definition
| normal bowel soudns over intestines |
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Term
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Definition
tympany at top where intestines float
dull over fluid
produces fluid wave and shifting dullness |
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Term
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Definition
| taut skin and increased intra-abdominal pressure limit palpation |
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Term
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Definition
dminished or absent bowel sounds singal decreased motility as a result of inflammation as seen with PERITONITIS from paralytic ileus as following abdominal surgery, or from late bowel obstruction
occurs also with pnuemonia |
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Term
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Definition
loud, gurglin sounds
borborygmi
signal increased motility
they occur with early mechanical bowel obstruction (high pitched) gastroenteritis (v/d) brisk diarrhea, laxative use and subsiding paralytic ileus |
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