Health

• Sanity, vigor, good
• normal and efficient functioning of the body
• state of physical, mental, or  social well being and not merely the absense of disease or infirmity 

Disease

*illness, sickness, loss of health

*pathologic conditions of the body taht presents a group of clinical signs, symptoms and lab finding

*each disease has  unique sign symptoms and findings

Normal

*situational event for each person

*usually utilized by statistics from the population (distrubution curve)

Homeostasis is a..

When does disease exist?

For any disease you must understand....

1.Normal process being interferred with

2.characteristics of the disturbance

3.the secondary effects of the disturbance

Predisposing Factors

*tendencies that promote development of disease

*represents an increased risk but not certainty 

Ex: smoking->lung cancer
stress->asthma, ulcer, high BP

Obesity->diabetes, cancer, heart dis.

Etiology 

*the cause of the disease

*factors that promote the development of disease

Ex: HIV-> AIDS

Bacteria
Virus 

Pathogenesis

*evolution, effect, and duration of a disease

*lasts from the initial stimulus to manifestations

*onset of disease: Acute vs Insidious

*Duration:acute vs. chronic

Manifestations

*Observable changes have now occured in a biological process

*usually expressed as signs and symptoms

Sign

Objective measurements

Ex: Lab work 

Symptom

subjective asessment 

ex:pain scale

syndrome

Stage One:

Subclinical

Stage  two:

prodromal stage

(manifests)

appearence of the first signs and symptoms

Stage three:

acute stage

Outcome: complication

Outcome: resolution

return to normal

what is a diagnosis

What is a prognosis?

what is the purpose of the diagnostic process?

*accumulate info

*assess and evaluate info collected

*intergrate the info

What are the components of the diagnostic process?

* Interview

*physical examination

*Other examinations (xray, labs, etc..)

1. physician must discover info that will lead to a diagnosis

2.What treatment options are possible and not possible

3.recording demographics

-what demographics may be of interest

4. take a medical history

-what is the paitents cheif complaint

-the course of the illness to date

-review of organ system function from patients perspective

1.Inspection

2.Palpation

3.Percussion

4.Auscultation

5. Measurement of vital signs

What is the point of a differential diagnosis

consideration of various diseases or conditions that may explain the patients symptoms and signs 

*Narrows by lab test and diagnostic procedures

 Cellular injury etiology

name 5

1.Hypoxic (lack of oxygen)

2.Nutritional

3.infections & immunological 

4.chemical

5.physical or mechanical

Lack of oxygen

causes: ischemia

isch-keep back

emia-blood

OTHERS- hearth diease, lung disease, RBC disorders

Mitochondria
-hyproc swelling

accumulation of calcium 

-swicthes to anaerobic metabolism

-produces small amnt ATP

-pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid

*acidosis in cell

*acidosis in blood stream

Nutritional Injury

name nutritional deficiensies 

1.poor intake

2.excessive output

3.altered absorption

4.impaired distribution

5.ineffecient cellular uptake

-gangrenous necrosis, (type of coagulative necrosis)

caused by:loss of blood supply and bacteria