Term
| what are the 8 bones of the cranium? |
|
Definition
| frontal, parietal, temporal, occiptal, ethmoid, and sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what are the names of the sutures that join the cranial bones of an adult? |
|
Definition
| saggital, coronal, squamosal, and lamdoid. |
|
|
Term
| What are the facial bones? |
|
Definition
| maxilla, zygomatic bone, interior conchae, nasal, lacrimal, palantine, vomer, and mandible |
|
|
Term
what 2 muscles allow for movement and provide support to the head and neck? |
|
Definition
| sternocleidomastoid and trapezius |
|
|
Term
| what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do? |
|
Definition
| it rotates and flexes the neck |
|
|
Term
| what does the trapezius muscle do? |
|
Definition
| it extends the neck and moves the shoulder |
|
|
Term
| what nerve allows for you to shrug your shoulders by the trapezius and turning the ehad without resistance by the sternocleidomastoid muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what verterbrae do you use as a landmark for finding other vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest endocrine gland of the body? What does it do? |
|
Definition
| the thyroid gland. it regulated the metabolic rate of most cells |
|
|
Term
| what connects the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how common is it to find a 3rd lobe in the thyroid gland? |
|
Definition
| it happens in about 1/3 of the population |
|
|
Term
| thyroid cartilage forms the characteristic...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the lymph nodes do? |
|
Definition
| filter lymph. make antibodies. make lyphocytes. |
|
|
Term
| what are signs of menigeal inflamation? |
|
Definition
| elevated temperature and neck stiffness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chracterized by sharp, shooting, and pericing facial pain. sec's to min's. occurs over 5th trigeminal cranial nerve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an increase in the thyroid hormone. symptoms can be insomnia, thinning hair, palpations, and weight loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a decrease in thyroid hormone. can result with insomnia, thicking of the skin and nails, constipation, and decreased energy levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skul; and facial bones are larger and thicker |
|
|
Term
| what shaped skull bones are seen in Paget's disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a head tilt can be a sign of? |
|
Definition
| unilateral vision, hearing loss, or shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporal artery is hard, thick, and tender. it could lead to blindness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| limited range of motion, swelling, tenderness and crepitation of the tmj joint |
|
|
Term
| what is characteristic about the facial features of bell's palsy? |
|
Definition
| one sides facial paralysis |
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|
Term
| when you swallow, what directions should the thyorid and cricoid cartilage and thyroid gland move? |
|
Definition
| when the patient swallows you should see them move UP symmetrically. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enlarged tender thyorid gland |
|
|
Term
| Where would you hear swishing on the body with hyperthyroidism? |
|
Definition
| you would hear it over the thyroid glands because of the increase in blood flow to the thyroid arteries |
|
|
Term
| Where is the temporal artery located? |
|
Definition
| between the eyes and top of the ear |
|
|
Term
| where are the submandibular glands located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the first upper trachial ring? |
|
Definition
| the cricoid cartilage which has a notch in it |
|
|
Term
| is the thyroid cartilage located bellow or above the cricoid cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the hyoid bone attached to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscle covers the thyroid cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the important cervicle vertebrae? |
|
Definition
| Atlas= C1. Axis=C2. Vertabral prominens=C7 |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the lymph nodes |
|
Definition
| preauricular. postauricular. tonsillar. occipital. submandibular. submental. superficial cervical. posterior cervical. deep cervical. supraclavicular |
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the orbit of the eye? |
|
Definition
| frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic. |
|
|
Term
| the pharnx is divided into the |
|
Definition
| nasopharnx, oropharanx, and laryngopharnx. |
|
|
Term
| the sella turcica is located on top of what sinus? what does the sella turcica hold? |
|
Definition
| Sphenoidal sinus. it holds the pituitary gland |
|
|
Term
| what two sinus's are palpable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When assesing the neck check for...? |
|
Definition
| swelling, pulsatons, enlargment of thyroid/ lymph nodesm neck masses, distension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nose bleed. coagulation problems, trauma, hypetension, renal problems |
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|
Term
| Why would we have stuffiness and discharge? |
|
Definition
| common cold, sinusitis, trauma, allergies, exposure to irritants, deviated septum |
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|
Term
| flarring is a sign of...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with urticaria and is usually caused by an allergic reaction. produced non pitting swelling with deep large wheals all over the body. tingles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painless white patches on the tongue or the mucous membranes. results from chronic irritations such as dentures or tabacco use. Concidered precancerous lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cream colored white patches on the tongue, mouth, or pharynx. Caused by candida albicans (normal in body) until elevated glucose levels etc allow for sudden proliferation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MIld to severe sore throat, dsphagia, fever, swelling, tenderness of lymph nodes, redness of throat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly contagious, sore throat, rasping cough, leads to air way obstruction. Throat appears red with white patches. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thyorid enlargment that is sporadic and isn't caused by inflammation or neoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A metabolic inbalance that results in an enlarged thyroid gland, nervousness, heat intolerance, weight loss, decreased appetite, sweating, tremors, and palpatations. Is caused by the overproduction of thyorid hormone |
|
|
Term
| Toxic multinodular goiter |
|
Definition
| Common in the elderly. results from overproduction of one or more autonomously functioning nodules within the enlarged gland. Multiple thyroid nodules can be felt on palpation |
|
|
Term
| What are the two lacrimal glands? |
|
Definition
| the top gland is the pars orbitalis. the one bellow is the pars palpebralis |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the lacrimal caniculi? |
|
Definition
| it drains tears from the eye to the lacrimal sac |
|
|
Term
| the inner most layer of the eye is the...? |
|
Definition
| retina which recieves visual stimuli and sends them to the brain |
|
|
Term
| themiddle layer of the eye includes the...? |
|
Definition
| it includes the choroid, ciliary body, and iris. pupil size is controlled by involuntary muscles here |
|
|
Term
| the outtermost layer of the eye includes the...? |
|
Definition
| transparent cornea and the sclera. They maintain the size and form of the eyeball. |
|
|
Term
| The anterior/posterior chamber is full of...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the external ear composed of? |
|
Definition
| flexible elastic cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the external ear? |
|
Definition
| it collects and transmites sounds to the middle ear |
|
|
Term
| What separates the external and middle ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tympanic membrane is atached to the...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the inner ear composed of? |
|
Definition
| fluid-filled spaces within the temporal bone. |
|
|
Term
| What does the eustachian tube allow for? |
|
Definition
| equalizing air pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| The stapes is attached to the? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal vision for 6 year old and above? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal vision for age 5? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal vision for age 4? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal vision for children age 3 and younger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the vestibule located? |
|
Definition
| it is located inbetween the semicircular canals an the cochlea |
|
|
Term
| When grading pupil dilation we start with what measurment to show EXTREME pupil constriction? |
|
Definition
| the smallest pupil constriction size is shown as 1 mm whereas the largest pupil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of muscle coordination |
|
|
Term
| how does the optic disk appear when using the opthalmoscope? |
|
Definition
| it appears creamy pink or orange yellow. it is round or oval in shape. |
|
|
Term
| What is the macula? What does it look like when viewed with an ophthalmoscope? |
|
Definition
| the macula is the aprt of the eye most sensitive to light. it appears as a darker structure, with NO blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| the fovea has a high density of...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tenderness of the auricle |
|
|
Term
| the handle of the malleus has 2 parts, what it the top part and what is the bottom part? |
|
Definition
| the top is the short handle of the malleus and the bottom part is the umbo. |
|
|
Term
| where is the pars flaccida located? |
|
Definition
| it looks like a pocket located above the short process of the malleus |
|
|
Term
| where should the light reflex be located in the right ear? |
|
Definition
| in the 4 and 6 o'clock area |
|
|
Term
| where should the light reflex of the light ear be located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperemia of the conjunctiva. Redness of eye with discharge tearing. highly contageous. |
|
|
Term
| acute angle-closure glaucoma |
|
Definition
| rapid onset of unilateral inflammation, severe eye pain and pressure, with photophobia. decreased vision, moderate pupil dilation, clouding of cornea, no eye discharge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling around the eye which could be a result from allergies, local inflammation, crying, or fluid retention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dropping of the upper eyelid. Can be caused by damage to the occomotor nerve, muscle weaness, or an interruption in sympathetic innervation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clouding of the len or lens capsule due to trauma, diabetes, and some medications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vision at a distance is blurry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vision up close is blurry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double vision. occur when the extraoccular muscles are misalligned |
|
|
Term
| what disease do we commonly find visual halos? |
|
Definition
| increased occular pressure such as in glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflmmation of the middle ear due to infected fluid in the iddle ear. usually has a rapid onset and short duration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal kin growth or epithelial cyst in middle ear that results from repeated ear infections |
|
|
Term
| what are the meibomian glands? where are they located? |
|
Definition
| the meiobian glands are glands that secrete an oiley substance that lubricates the eye. it is found on the tarsal plates of the upper eyelid |
|
|
Term
| the caruncles contain...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the palpebral conjunctiva lines the...? |
|
Definition
| it lines the inside of the eyelid |
|
|
Term
| what is the way that tears are excreted? |
|
Definition
| they move from the lacrimal gland to the puncta to the lacrimal canniculi to the lacrimal saq to the nasolacrimal duct to the nose. |
|
|
Term
| the 4 rectus muscles are responsible for what kind of movement? |
|
Definition
| they are responsible for straight eye movement |
|
|
Term
| what do the 2 oblique muscles do for eye movement? |
|
Definition
| they are resonsible for diagonal movement |
|
|
Term
| what 3 nerves innervate the muscles of the eye? |
|
Definition
| the oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), and the abductens nerve (VI) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dense protective whit covering of the eye. |
|
|
Term
| what permits light to enter the eye? |
|
Definition
| the cornea allows for light movement which will then pass from the lens to the retina |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the lens when seeing far away? what about up close? wht controls this change in lens shape? |
|
Definition
| the lens flattens to focus far away and bluges to see up close. this controlled by the ciliary body. |
|
|
Term
| rods regulate what colors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the aqueous humor? |
|
Definition
| it cleanes and nourishes the cornea and lens and well as maintains the intraoccular pressure. |
|
|
Term
| Why do we see light and pictures? |
|
Definition
| light rays strike the retina where they are changed into nerve impulses, conducted to the brain through the optic nerve, and interpreted |
|
|
Term
| what must light first penetrate before reaching the retina? |
|
Definition
| it must pass through the cornea, aqeous humor, lens, and vitreous body. |
|
|
Term
| what area is highly concentrate with cones? |
|
Definition
| the fovea centralis and te macular region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the consensual reflex? |
|
Definition
| when light in the other eye causes constriction and thereby causes the toehr eye to immediately constrict too |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows for the eyes to focus on nearby objects. happens because of the ciliary muscles. |
|
|
Term
| spots or floaters are common visual problems with....? |
|
Definition
| myopia and people over the age of 40 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| night blindess is associated with? |
|
Definition
| optic atrophy, glaucoma, and vitamin a insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often should we have an eye exam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 20/40. the larger the 2nd number the worse the vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common with over the age of 45. it is when the eprson adjusts the paper from them closer or farther away to focus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a term used to describe misallignment that ocurs when a fusion reflex is blocked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a constant misallignment of the eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inward turn of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an outward turn of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a shaking movement of the eye due to inner ear disorders, multiple sclerosis, brain lesions, and narcotic use. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inverted lower lid. due to drying |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal yellow plaques on the inner canthus. |
|
|
Term
| true or false: entropian and ectropion are somewhat common with older clients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protrusion of eyeballs by retracted eyelids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a local non infectious inflamation of the sclera |
|
|
Term
| cyanosis of the lower lid suggests...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellowish nodules on the bulbar conjunctiva. harmless and common in older adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of the optic disc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| optic disk is white with a lack of disk vessels |
|
|
Term
| how many sets of arterioles and venules should pass through the optic disc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| true of false: arterioles have a light relex that appears as a thin white line in the center? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does hypertension affect the arterioles? |
|
Definition
| it causes a widening of the light reflex and the arterioles take on a copper hue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when injury causes red blood cells to collect in the lower half of the anterior chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from an inflmatory response in which white blood cells accumilate in the anterior chamber and produce cloudiness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is 6th nerve paralysis? |
|
Definition
| the eye cannot look to the other side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the eye cannot look down when turned upward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can only look straight ahead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pupils are a different size than eachother |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve is used for hearing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sounds moving from the external to middle ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sound waves from the middle ear to the inner ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gradual hearing loss that is common in age 50 and older. it usually begins with a loss of ability to hear high pitch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subjective- they feel like they are spinne. objective- they feel like the room is spinning |
|
|
Term
| tenderness over the mastoid process suggests...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non malignant nodular swellings |
|
|
Term
| yellowing bluging membrane with bubbled behind it....? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| white spots on the tympanic membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patients hears sounds in the bad ear. |
|
|
Term
| sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Definition
| client reports hearing noise in the good ear |
|
|
Term
| what does the weber test, test? |
|
Definition
| is evaluates the conduction of sound waves through bone |
|
|
Term
| what does the rhoberg test, test? |
|
Definition
| tests clients equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| waterly clear nasal drainage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pallor or the lips can be from ...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an atrophied tongue points to...? |
|
Definition
| cranial nerve 12-hypo glossal damage |
|
|
Term
| a very small tongue signals...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of taste can be found in damage to what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ammonia breath odor is a sign of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fruity breath odor is a sign of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| palte fails to rise and uvula deviates is a sign of? |
|
Definition
| damage to cranial X- vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
| abscense of a red glow during transillumination usually indicates? |
|
Definition
| fluid, pus, or thick mucous in the sinus's |
|
|
Term
| a smooth, red, shiny tongue is a sign of? |
|
Definition
|
|
