Term
| Common core structure of antibodies |
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Definition
2 identical heavy chains and two identical light chains
- each light chain is attached to heavy chain |
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Term
| what is the immunoglobin domain composed of? |
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Definition
| both light and heavy chians contain a series of repeating homologous units, each about 110 amino acid residues in length |
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Term
Two light chains
Where are they the same? |
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Definition
lambda and kappa chains
- two domains, one variable domaina nd one Constant domain |
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Term
Heavy Chains
How many domains? |
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Definition
- either 4 or 5 domians
- 1 Variable domain and 3 or 4 constant domains
- may also contain a hinge region |
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Term
| What makes up the antigen binding site? |
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Definition
| - variable region of the H chain and variable region of the L chain |
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Term
| Three functions for constant domain |
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Definition
1) Confer the ability to cross the placenta
2) sites for attachment to Fc receptors of macrophages, monocytes and mast cells
3) sites for binding complement |
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Term
How many classes of IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA, IgE?
How do these classes vary? |
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Definition
4 IgG
2 IgA
all other have one class
- subclasses of heavy chains |
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Term
| What is the antigen binding part comprised of? |
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Definition
| Complimentarity determining regions - and three dimensional strucrue of Ig. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragment antigen - binding |
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Term
| key feature of IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD |
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Definition
IgM - Primary response on surface of all B cells
IgA - tears/mucosa
IgE - allergic hypersensitivity
IgD - functions like IgM as B cell receptor
IgG - secondary response |
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Term
Form (monomer/dimer etc) of IgM, IgG, IgD, IgE, IgA
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|
Definition
IgM: pentameric in its secreted form; monomeric on B cell surface
IgG: Monomeric in secreted or membrane form
IgD: Monomerica (usually on membrane, rarely found in plasma)
IgE: secreted as monomer
IgA: secretory form is dimer |
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Term
| Which antibodies cross the placenta? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the antibody dictates whether it crosses the placenta? |
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Definition
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Term
When are highest IgG levels reached?
When are highest IgM levels reached?
When are highest IgA levels reached? |
|
Definition
- G: birth, then 4 years
- M: 10 months
- A: 10 years |
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Term
| When are people most vulnerable to infection? Which antibody is responsible for this? |
|
Definition
- 3 months
- Low levels of IgG |
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Term
| What does an epitope associate with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do we find antibodies? (two main tissues) |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do proteolytic enzymes cleave? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe struture of constant region |
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Definition
| - 3 chain layer held together by disulfide bond = immunoglobin fold |
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Term
| Where are CDR's located in light chain variable region? |
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Definition
| - loops connecting beta sheets |
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Term
| Where are antibody disulfide bonds located? |
|
Definition
- above two constant heavy chain domains
- between heavy and light chain variable regions |
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|
Term
What two places are IgM found?
What holds it together when it is polymeric? |
|
Definition
on B-cell - monomer
in serum - pentamer - J-chain |
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Term
| Where and what forms are IgA found in? |
|
Definition
Serum: monomer
blood: dimer
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Term
| What do secretory protein do? which Ig is it associated with? |
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Definition
| - keeps IgA safe in mucosa where it would otherwise be cleaved by enzymes |
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Term
| Which Ig is the first response? How much of daily Ig made is this molecule? |
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Definition
- IgA (because it's in mucosa!)
- 80%
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Term
| What is the primary Ig in serum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the half life of Ig? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Ig crosses epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells have IgE receptors? Which part of the antibody do they interact with? |
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Definition
- mast cells
- Fc region of antibody |
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Term
| What marker can be used to treat patients with B lymphoma? (i.e. what is present on surface of B-cells?) |
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Definition
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Term
What is an idiotype?
What is a good example of an idiotype?
What are used to detect them? |
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Definition
- antigenic determinant of antibody
-CDRs
- anti-idiotype antibodies |
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Term
| Three ways tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies can be used |
|
Definition
1) Tumor specifc antibodies bind to tumor cell and makrs it for destruction by NK cell, which interacts with the antibodies' Fc Domain
2) Tumor specific antibody is conjugated to a toxin and binds to the tumor cell. Conjugate toxin is internalized and kills cell and surrounding cells
3) Tumor specific antibody is conjugated to a radionucleotide, which binds tumor cell and is internalized |
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