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Hassett Ch.5-7
For exam 2
36
Psychology
Graduate
06/22/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Parts of Neuron

(Hand)

Definition

 

Dendrites (fingers)- recieve info from other neurons & sensory receptors

Soma (palm) - life support system

Axon (Forearm, base of spint -> brain, longest axon 3 ft.): carries Neruon's message to other body cells

Mylein Sheath (Axon with MS move faster) - covers the axon of some neruons to insulate & help speed nerual impulses.

fatty insulation that cover some axons of neurons

; info: cover myelin-instant pain

not covered myelin- pain after covered

EX: bike incident; Hassett

Mutiple Scierosis (MS) : Myelin Shealth progressivly deteriorates

Term

 

 

Acetylcholine

(ACH)

Definition

 

affects muscle action, cognitive functioning, memory

 

low lvl of ACH = Alzheimer's disease

Term

 

 

Dopamine

(DA)

Definition

Affects movement, attention, memory, learning & emotions

 

info: Neruon that is associated addiction: pleasureful reward

 

High lvl of DA = Schizophrenia

Low lvl of DA = Parkinson's disease

ADD

Term

 

 

Norepinephrine (NE)

or Noradrenaline

Definition

affects learning, memory, dreamining, emotion, waking from sleep, eatting, alterness, wakefulness, reactions to stress

 

Low lvl of NE: Depression

High lvl of NE: Bi-polar Disorder

Term

 

 

Neurotransmitters: Endorphins

Definition

 

 

Produce effects similar to opilates

 

Epinephrine or Adrenaline: affects emotional arousal, memory storage, and metabolism of glucose necessary for energy release

Term

 

 

Serotonin

Definition

 

affects mood, sleep, appetite

 

relates to depression, bipolar disorder, mania

Term

 

 

EEG

Definition

 

Measure & records brain wave activity

- how we sleep

-brain waves

Term

 

 

CT Scan

Definition

 

takes x-rays from different angles & combined into composite

-strucutral info.

-images

Term

 

 

PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography)

Definition

(glucose (Brain Nutrient) For Energy) - normally injected (or inhale) with radioactive form of glucose, detetors pick up where glucose has gone, showing which areas are active. (red, yellow = active, blue, green = not active)

-activity

-check for brain damage

Term

 

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Definition

Magnetic fields

-powerful magnetics

-magnetic fields passed through brain 3-dimensional picture of brain

-provides structual info. (MORE detailed)

Term

 

 

Brain Stem

Definition

 

 

lower end contiuation of spinal cord & higher end deep w/in brain

Term

 

 

(hindbrain) Medulla

Definition
  • damage is rapidly fatal
  • deals w/ breathing, heartbeat, other vital life  functions
Term

 

 

(hindbrain) Reticular Formation

Definition

 

  • regulation of sleep
  • arousal system
    EX: talking to someone, someone says your name, your attention is on who said your name
Term

 

 

(hindbrain) Pons

Definition

(latin for bridge)

  • forms conections bet. medulla & high brain areas
    EX: if you are hungry, you look for food. if not, then no food
  • Forms connects w/ cerebellum
Term

 

 

(hindbrain) Cerebellum

Definition

 

  • Voluntary Movement
  • Balance
  • ears, eyes deal w/ cerebellum
  • perception
  • cognition
Term

 

 

(Limbic System) Amygdala

Definition

learning & express: of fear & ability to recog. fear in faces of others, aggression, rage

-Autism-abnormal amygdala socially inapporiate behavior

Term

 

 

Frontal Lobes

Definition

 

(recieve & coordinate messages from other lobes, as well as being responsible for motor contorl, speech, production, & higher functions) emotion, memory, personality

-schizophrena=abnormal frontal lobes

Term

 

 

Temporal lobe

Definition

 

(hearin, lang. comprehension, memory & some emotional control)

-deals with schiz.

Term

 

 

Parietal lobe

Definition

 

receives info. about pressure .....

Term

 

 

Labeling inv. w/ Psychological disorders (disadvantages)

Definition
  1. discrimination
  2. "crutch" (don't expect too much)
  3. self-fulfilling prophecy (tell someone they have it, they show it)
  4. Misdiagnosis
  5. affects how we peceive them
Term

 

 

 

Definition
Term

 

 

 

Labeling indiv. w/ phsych. disorders (advantages)

 

Definition

 

  1. empathy for others
  2. protect others from harm
  3. can lead to treatment & seeking it out
Term

 

 

(anxiety disorder) Obessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD)

Definition

Obessions- persitent, unwanted thoughts

Compulsions- irresitble uges to repeat an act or ritual

Common: hand washing, checking

EX: case studies: woman washing hands (stephaine) - wanted therapy, watched self

also boy fixing stairs

 

To rid: shaping slowly

SEVERLY EFFECT SOCIAL LIFE

not: hassett with roommate=stove

Term

 

 

(anxiety disorder) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

or Shell-Shock

Definition

(war, accident, natural disastesr, rape)

-severe anxiety associated w/ feelings of help lessenss & horror during traumatic event

  • relieve (flashbacks, nightmares)
  • emotional numbing
  • social withdrawl
  • insomnia

    causes: learning-harmful way of coping (classical &operant, observational)
    biological perspective: evolutionary predisposition to fear dangerous objects/sit, genetic, overarousal of brain areas assoc. w/ impulsve control
Term

 

 

Famous Study: Rosenhan's Study

Definition

problems w/labeling

-labeled schizophrenia

-hospital staff saw what they expected to see

= paces = he has anxiety

= wrote in book = paranoid

 

. changes conceptions, stereotypes, misjudge

Term

 

 

(anxiety disorder) 1) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) aka "Free Floating Anxiety"

Definition

chronic, excessive worry that lasts at least 6 months & not focused on particular object ('free floating')

-several diff. things

 

PHYSICAL SIGNS: (may come & go) ,muscle tension, headaches, heart palpitations, EX: fight or flight response, dizziness, insomnia

Term



Phobias

Definition
  1. intense, irrational fear & avoidance of specific object or situation
    1. Agoraphobia
  2. Simple-specific object/situation
    EX: heights, closed places, snakes, spiders, etc
  3. Social- intense fear of being scrutnized (neg. evaluated) by others
    public speaking
    eatting i pusblic
    avoid parties
Term

 

 

(mood disorders) Bipolar Disorder

Definition

alternating episodes of mania & depression

 

SYMPTOMS OF MANIA: overly excited, extremely active, distractible, silly, argumentative, inflated self-esteem & importance, poor judgement, don't sleep much, speak very rapidly

 

Depressed: happy at one point, then slowly go down; sleep a lot

 

Sucide Signs: 1) talk jokingly about it? NO
they don't really speak of it
2) Ask if suicidal, they think of sucide now NO
Already have a thought of it

3) socially withdrawl

4) giving away belongings

What can you do? sucide prevention

911

walk to therapist

 

CAUSES: bio factors- left frontal lobe is inactive during depression; inbalance of serotonin, norepinephrine, (dopamine), inhert

env/psych factors- neg. self-talk & belief system

neg. mood-> recall of neg memories

bad events -> bad mood

Term

 

 

(mood disorder) Depression

Definition

major depression disorder (unipolar depression)

 

-long lasting depressed mood (2+ weeks ina row) that inteferes w/ ability to unction, to feel pleasure & maintain interest in life; usually w/out apparent trigger

 

SYMPTOMS: appetite & weight changes (loss or gain)

insomnia or hyper insomnia

social w/ withdrawl, low lvl motivation & productivity

Fatigue, difficulty concentration, losing interest in things once liked, hopeless, worthless, pestimistic, suicidal thinking

AT LEAST 5 of the SYMPTOMS

Term

 

 

(mood disorder) Schizophrenia

Definition

(psychosis-out of touch w/ reality)
late teens, mid 30's

SYMPTOMS: 1) perceptual (hallucinations) - sensory perceptions w/out external stimulus

 

TYPE of hallucination: auditory (most common)

visual

tactile (feeling)

somatic (body)

olfactory (smell)

gustatory (taste)

2) language disturbances- jumping from topic to topic

jumbling words & phrases

3) thought disturbances (delusions): false belief

 

TYPE of delusion: a) control- feelings, thoughts & actions are being controlled by others/things (imagination, mental, telepathy)

b) grandur-someone important (EX: women who drowned her children -> anti-christ 666)

*c) reference- unrelated events have special meaning

EX: shannon's mother's neighbor

4) emotional disturbances - exaggerated emotions or flattend affect (no emotional resp.)

5) behavioral disturbances - disorganized &/or inappropriate

EX: movie theatre-overracting, loud

bizzare beh.-hold bizzare positions for long periods, or "catatonic stupor"

 

TYPES: 1) Positive Symptoms - additional/exaggerations of normal thoughts/beh.

EX: hallucinations, holding positions for a long period of time

2) NEG. symtoms - loss/absence of normal thoughts/ beh.

 

CAUSES: Biological: genes (1 out of 100 people)

neurostransmitters( high lvl of dopamine, high lvl of serotonin)

brain damage (enlrged ventrides), thalamus, frontal, temporal lobes)

maternal virus during mid-pregnancy

EX: flu in winter

 

ENIVRON: 1st bio, factors (stress, common style) inhert genes & then it's trigged by envir.

Term

 

 

(Dissociative Disorders) Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) or Multiple Personality Disorder

Definition

(consciousness/memory is split/altered; due to a traumatic event)

 

2+ idntities w/ disctinct trait/memories

EX: Shannon - interested in psych.

-group home of abused boys: 6-12

-night shift, 'bill' = sweet, delayed speech 'jack'= pounding mirriors, spoken clean, aggressive

CASE STUDY: sexually abused by parents & friends

punishment: hanging in closet

Term

 

 

(personality disorder) Anti Social Personality Disorder (Psychopaths)

Definition

(inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that impair social occupational functioning)

 

- spent some time in jail

-ego centric, impulsive, violate rights of others, lack of no conscious, no remorse, superficial, charm

 

CAUSES: bio. factors: genes, abnormal, autonomic nervous system, activity during stress, reducted act in frontal lobes

envir. factors: abuse, neglect, inconsistent discipline, instability in mood

Term

 

 

(personality disorder) Borderline Personality Disorder

Definition

impulsive, instability in mood, self-image, unstrable relationships, destructive, promiscuious, extreme fear of being abandoned, maniulative

EX: south ca -> hma sexuality

sally: blpd (informed before hand)

started to yell at Shannon

 

CAUSES: envir. same as anti-social

bio. factors: genes, abuse

Term

 

 

Psychoanalysic/Psychodynamic Thereapies

Definition

(a person's psyche (mind) is analyzed method media portray; how unconscious forces interplay with thoughts, feelings & actions)

 

GOAL: to bring unconscious conflicts, which date back to childhood, into consciousness

Term

 

 

3 lvls of consciousness

Definition

1) conscious- thoughts, feelings, actions, we are currently aware of or are remembering

2) preconscious- mental activies not currently aware of, but can be readily brought to mind (memories)

3) unconscious- primitive, instinctual motives, repressed memories, prevented from entering consciousness; can be brought to consciousness thru psychoanalysis

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