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Harper's Final
Study for Ms. Harper's Science Final
54
Science
9th Grade
05/13/2010

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Cards

Term
hypothesis
Definition
a proposal of an experiment's outcome
Term
independent variable
Definition
it is changed in an experiment to affect the dependent variable
Term
dependent variable
Definition
it is measured/observed in an experiment as data
Term
control
Definition
one test in the experiment that does not include the variable being tested (independent)
Term
constant factors
Definition
factors/variables in an experiment that do not change
Term
experiment
Definition
testing of a hypothesis
Term
conclusion
Definition
drawn based on data analysis in an experiment; either confirms or disproves hypothesis
Term
procedure
Definition
the process of performing and experiment
Term
compound
Definition
combination of 2 or more elements; pure substance
Term
mixture
Definition
combination of 2 or more substances (salt and water)
Term
solution
Definition
homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved by another (salt and water)
Term
suspension
Definition
heterogeneous mixture; the particles of each substance can be separated from each other easily (salad, dressing)
Term
colloid
Definition
mixture where particles are equal size and evenly distributed, but cannot be separated easily; particles are large (whipped cream)
Term
solvent
Definition
a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances (water/acid)
Term
solute
Definition
a substance that is dissolved by a solvent (salt/sugar)
Term
valence electrons
Definition
outermost electrons of an atom; they are used when bonding to other atoms
Term
oxidation number
Definition
number of electrons gained in chemical bonding (if the atom loses electrons, this number is negative)
Term
atomic number
Definition
number of protons (and electrons) in an element
Term
mass number
Definition
the number of protons and neutrons combined
Term
symbol
Definition
one or two letters of the alphabet used in quick identification of elements
Term
proton
Definition
a positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Term
neutron
Definition
a particle in the nucleus of an atom that has no charge (neutral)
Term
electron
Definition
a negatively charged particle in an atom; orbits the nucleus in the electron cloud
Term
ion
Definition
an atom that has a positive or negative charge
Term
polyatomic ion
Definition
an group of atoms that have bonded and have a positive or negative charge
Term
saturated
Definition
a compound wherein one substance is bonded with the maximum amount of another
Term
supersaturate
Definition
a compound wherein one substance is bonded with more than the maximum amount of another
Term
unsaturated
Definition
a compound in which one substance is bonded with less than the maximum amount of another
Term
alloy
Definition
a compound of 2 or more metals
Term
synthesis
Definition
a chemical reaction wherein 2 or more reactants combine
Term
decomposition
Definition
a chemical reaction where two or more reactants separate
Term
single replacement
Definition
a chemical reaction where one reactant replaces one of the substances in a compound
Term
double replacement
Definition
a chemical reaction where one substance in a compound swaps places with a substance in another compound
Term
isotope
Definition
a form of an element with a varying number of neutrons
Term
radiation
Definition
energized particles emitted from a substance during nuclear decay
Term
Chernobyl
Definition
city in Ukraine that was abandoned due to radiation; radiation is virtually gone now, but it's still abandoned
Term
Manhattan Project
Definition
a project of the US military and various scientists to develop the first nuclear bomb
Term
radioactivity
Definition
active radiation
Term
fission
Definition
nuclear separation of particles
Term
fusion
Definition
nuclear combining of particles
Term
Yucca Mountain
Definition
proposed testing site for Manhattan project
Term
Three Mile Island
Definition
An area in Pennsylvania where a nuclear disaster occurred in 1979
Term
J. R. Oppenheimer
Definition
the lead scientist on the Manhattan Project
Term
Leslie Groves
Definition
the military official in charge of the Manhattan Project
Term
radioactive isotopes
Definition
isotopes of an element that has gone through nuclear decay
Term
speed
Definition
rate at which an object is moving
Term
velocity
Definition
another word for speed
Term
motion
Definition
a change in the location of an object
Term
acceleration
Definition
a change in speed (increase)
Term
deceleration
Definition
change in speed (decrease)
Term
momentum
Definition
mass times velocity
Term
gravity
Definition
Earth's pull on all objects with less mass
Term
battery
Definition
an object (filled with chemical) that produces electrical energy
Term
fuse
Definition
electrical device that melts when a circuit overloads and stops the flow of current
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