Term
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Definition
Loop diuretic, potassium wasting
Used to reduce fluid in early renal failure, HF, lungs
Hold if: low BP, low K+, low Na+ |
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Term
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Definition
Proton pump inhibitor
Used to prevent and treat ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
Cardiac glycoside
Increases cardiac force of contraction
Decreases heart rate
Used for HF and uncontrolled atrial dysrhthmias
Check dig levels and for hypokalemia (increased dig toxicity)
Hold if: low HR, low K+ |
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Term
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Definition
Nitrate
Venous vasodilation (decrease preload)
Arterial vasodilation (decrease afterload)
Coronary artery vasodilation (increase oxygen supply)
Used for angina, MI, sometimes for HTN
Hold if: low BP |
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Term
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Definition
Anticoagulant
Therapeutic measures = PT/INR, goal 2-3 INR
Long half-life, oral
Antidote is Vitamin K |
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Term
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Definition
Anticoagulant
Therapeutic measure = APTT, goal 2-3 times base
Short half-life, SC or IV
Antidote is protamine sulfate |
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Term
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Definition
Anticoagulant like heparin
Therapeutic measure = APTT, goal 2-3 times base
More stable and requires less APTT testing—less HIT |
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Term
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Definition
Beta blocker
Reduces HR, cardiac workload
Used for HTN, angina, MI
Hold if: low HR, BP |
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Term
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Definition
ACE Inhibitor
Venous vasodilator (reduced preload)
Arterial vasodilator (reduced afterload)
Inhibit aldosterone (minor diuretic, deplete Na+, keep K+)
Used for HF, HTN
Hold if: low BP, high K+ |
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Term
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Definition
Calcium channel blocker
Reduced HR
Differing calcium channel blockers may also decrease FOC and arterial vasodilate)
Used for atrial tachydysrthmias
Hold if: low HR, low BP |
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Term
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Definition
Corticosteroid, mineralcorticoid activity
Suppresses inflammatory response
Uses—many, immune stimulated disease processes
Adverse effects—increased BG, decreased K+, increased BP, decreased resistance to infection, weight gain, increased risk for ulcer, increased risk for osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
See insulin chart
Distinguish between basal and short acting |
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Term
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Definition
Catecholamine
Dose dependent
Low (2 mcg)—renal vasodilation & increased output
Moderate (5 mcg)—increased HR, FOC
High (10 mcg)—arterial constriction, increased BP
Use dependent on dose
Low—early renal failure
Moderate—low CO, low BP
High—low BP
Hold if: high HR, high BP |
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Term
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Definition
Catecholamine
Similar to dopamine, but increases CO without significant increase in HR
No renal effects or arterial constriction effects |
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Term
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Morphine |
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Definition
Opioid analgesics
Dilaudid is stronger than morphine
Adverse effects: constipation, urinary retention, respiratory depression, hypotension
Hold if : low RR, low BP, serious change in LOC |
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